Samso Search Results

Samso Insights Episode 109 Content Part 1 – Trending Renewable Energy Part 2 – The Product Part 3 – Pricing; Cost Factors and Boundaries Part 4 – Technology Part 5 – Australian Politics Part 6 – Is it a Green Gold Rush? Last year, we shared about how Green Hydrogen is set to change the world and gave an overview of the subject. Today, we deep dive into whether Green Hydrogen will be the next gold rush. Part 1 – Trending Renewable Energy You might have heard the buzz around renewable energy source - green hydrogen. I often saw news articles about it but would never read them. I knew next to nothing about it. Until recently. Another topic that I’ve ignored was investing. I assumed only wealthy corporate suits were involved in investing, not marketing students. Today I decided to challenge my preconceived notions and learn about green hydrogen. I quickly concluded that green hydrogen is a future resource that everyone should know more about, not just investors. If I were to start investing today, this is one option I would investigate. But that’s just me, and maybe it will be you too. So allow me to introduce you to green hydrogen. Part 1.1 - Hydrogen 101 The What? Green hydrogen is the carbon free renewable energy source that has gained popularity in recent years as a potential fossil fuel replacement. In a bid to halt the environment’s rising temperature, which can cause untold disaster, the only way to do so is with a carbon free energy source. Renewable energy is part of the green energy process to be truly emission free. It's being touted as the holy grail of carbon free energy for the globe and for good reason. Germany and countries in Asia have been very keen and busy investing in its research and development. Hydrogen Cheat Sheet Hydrogen has several colour gradations. Below is a quick rundown on the hydrogen grades that matter. Grey hydrogen is what 95 percent of the world uses with no emission capturing to offset the negative effects of its use. Blue hydrogen is a modicum better with a small attempt to capture emissions, but this process uses more energy to do so. Brown hydrogen is created with brown coal through gasification. These emissions are released into the air, but if they are stored, they can be referred to as blue hydrogen. Green hydrogen is created with renewable energy sources. This means its emission free and the by-product of burning green hydrogen is water. These variations on hydrogen are important as you will see as we continue. Part 1.2 - Renewable Fuelled Future The Why? Back in 1992 the Earth Summit that was held in Rio de Janeiro had developed countries agree that an attempt at halting the greenhouse effect was imperative. Those countries vowed to get the CO2 emissions down to match 1990 numbers. That was far from the end of it though. For the next 19 years, a debate raged back and forth on whether climate change was indeed real despite the science. Fast forward to the Paris Agreement of 2015, the international treaty was signed by 196 countries in the agreed bid to reduce global temperature by 1.5C. But some countries weren't willing to sign on with a definite commitment. Australia was one of those that did not sign on. (The Paris Agreement , 2016) Since the Paris Agreement, the fight to end climate change has really picked up the pace. Swedish teen activist Greta Thunberg furthered the climate change cause like no other before her. Generation Z and millennials rallied around her, supporting their shared belief in climate change and they spread their gospel online via Twitter. Which brings us to today. Naysayers still exist out there who don’t think climate change is real. There are also those that think green hydrogen is not a viable solution for ending climate change. The Who? So, to be clear, Australia is positively engaged with creating renewable energy sources. It's just not at the rates of our overseas friends. It was time for me to read some of those articles I have been ignoring for months and years. Well not all of them, but I read all I could from the September and October 2021 news articles and industry information on how green hydrogen is created. I read about what barriers green hydrogen faces and investigated why Australia is dragging its heels to sign on to the Paris Agreement. I wanted to know everything that a potential investor wants to know. Or anyone who is spending their money would need to know. These are the essentials: is this sector real, are the projects real, is the business real? Having this information gives investors confidence in an industry, particularly a nascent one. What's the scoop? I found out that green hydrogen is at the top of global agendas. Governments and company interests lie in green energy project actioning and investing for good reason. Green hydrogen is being promised to deliver the following: Efficiency Emission free energy Support energy systems Supply stability What I wanted to know now is, if a green hydrogen future is possible, what will it entail? Part 1.3 - Overseas Developments Global green hydrogen news Germany Clearly in the driver’s seat of green hydrogen innovation, recently invested 8 billion Euros in 62 EU backed hydrogen projects (Meza, 2021) France Companies Total and Engie have teamed up to create the biggest site in France to produce green hydrogen from renewable electricity. (Total and Engie Partner to Develop France's largest site for the production of green hydrogen from 100% renewable electricity, 2021) USA Sitting President Biden has committed the US to achieve 50-52 percent greenhouse gas reduction by 2025. The news was delivered during the Leaders’ Summit on Climate that President Biden held between April 22 - 23, 2021. (FACT SHEET: President Biden Sets 2030 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Reduction Target Aimed at Creating Good-Paying Union Jobs and Securing U.S. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies , 2021) Canada Canada's second top retirement fund is the first to say no more to oil assets and yes to green hydrogen. (Keidan, 2021) Japan x Australia Japan’s biggest hydrogen supplier Iwatani Corp plus 5 other parties are in feasibility talks to create green liquid supply chain between Japan and Australia. It has the potential to create up to 100 tonnes per day by approximately 2026. (Obayashi, 2021) Mongolia German researchers are interested in the south Gobi region of Mongolia for green hydrogen plant location due to the ideal topographical features. (Matalucci, 2021) Mauritania A 10GW green hydrogen project could be utilising Africa’s first offshore wind farm. (Collins, New 10GW Green Hydrogen Project in Mauritania could include Africa's first offshore wind farm, 2021) China China’s president Xi Jinping announced that from now China won’t be building any more new coal fuelled energy projects. Their banks followed suit and shortly after also stated that there will be zero funding for coal powered projects outside of China effective from the last quarter of 2021. (Sun, 2021) China has committed to net-zero emissions by 2060. (Tan, Thurbon, Mathews, & Young-Kim, 2020) China’s Hydrogen Alliance has a goal for Beijing to install 100GW of green hydrogen by 2030. (Collins, 'China should install 100GW of Green Hydrogen by 2030 says Beijing Supervised Body, 2021) Green hydrogen’s online presence as a topic of discussion and as a commercial proposition clearly show the worldwide commitment to climate change. The EU, in particular Germany, and Asian countries are taking to renewable energy sources like the proverbial duck to water. What about us? Australia’s first green hydrogen ASX listed company, Province Resources Limited , Managing Director, Mr David Frances, is in the process of leading the green resources charge in Australia. Province Resources has the second largest Green Hydrogen project in the country located in Carnarvon, Perth, Western Australia. Mr. Frances commented that Australia has the chance to play a focal role in green hydrogen exploratory phases. This would be beneficial after our horror years of bushfires and flooding. Green hydrogen is a true challenge that will create critical changes for the Earth, humanity, and the history of renewable energy production. Even though the Australian federal government is slow to adopt green hydrogen officially, there are other Australians creating organisations for its support. Analyses into our climate change policies have revealed that they are underdeveloped. This has instead supported the continued investment into fossil fuels. (Lowe, 2021) Call for Support ‘Twiggy’ Forrest has launched a green hydrogen organisation called GH2 to encourage and motivate carbon emission reduction. Its mission is to have one quarter of the world using green hydrogen by 2050. GH2 will be chaired by Malcolm Turnbull and the goal is to bring government and developing organisations together to ramp up support for green hydrogen. We now will move on to the product specs in Part Two. Part 2 – The Product 6 Current Key Aspects of Green Hydrogen 1. It’s not ‘new’ tech You could be forgiven for thinking that this is all brand-new technology, but electrolysis, the process of splitting water bonds into hydrogen and oxygen, is 100 years old. Getting green hydrogen technology to a place of widespread adoption is new. 2. It’s not a one and done job/transition phase If humans never worked out how to burn carbon, we would not be where we are today. Carbon has played an essential part of human development, there is no doubt. But green hydrogen won’t be able to replace fossil fuels overnight but preferably within the deadlines given of 10 – 30 years. (Jovan & Dolanc, 2020) Globally we use a mix of grey, brown, blue, renewable energy and nuclear energy sources. 3. It's weight conscious It is a light product. For storage and transportation, it's either kept at a temperature of – 253°C liquefied or compressed at a high temperature. (Huang, 2019) 4. Transportation The factors that will influence transportation are dependent on the distance the product is travelling domestically or in export. Different products require different methods for their travel. 5. We can’t use it now, but we can in the future Will we be able to repurpose existing infrastructure for green? Yes. Certain infrastructure can be retrofitted and repurposed, such as the existing pipelines for green hydrogen. Green hydrogen is cheaper to be distributed via pipelines rather than cables. Pipeline conversion requires this checklist: Conditions of the pipeline - is it fit for purpose? Cleaning Quality assurance Hydrogen compression Valve integrity and seals Measuring equipment for chromatograph Operational software Pipeline alternative conduits: Marine terminals Shipping Truck loading Railway in gaseous hydrogen carriers or specialised containers Liquid organic hydrogen carriers Liquefied hydrogen Pressurised hydrogen Synthetic gas Ammonia Methanol (ENTSOG, 2020) The modification of existing pipelines not only saves on infrastructure production but will also keep prices lower than expected. There is some concern about metal deterioration in the pipelines if reused. This is in respect to material integrity, unusual interior pressure changes and simultaneously being in the presence of atomic hydrogen. The likelihood of pipelines being subjected to this highly specific triad of concerns is very low. (Findlay, 2020) 6. Storage Storing green hydrogen in the EU consists of three options: Salt caverns Depleted fields Aquifers In Australia storage of green hydrogen as a solid is looking to be the ideal method. Storage as a solid provides these three benefits: Decreased costs Safety Easier processing for overseas While we wait for green hydrogen will we compromise with blue and brown instead? Australia and the US use and proffer blue hydrogen as a ‘cleaner’ alternative to grey hydrogen. It’s promoted by our government and the gas industry as an ideal way to integrate the transition. Blue hydrogen is used for generating electricity and storing energy. However, it also needs extra energy to capture and store the emissions. Approximately 10 – 20 percent of carbon generated can’t be caught and stored. (Giovannini, 2020) Brown hydrogen is particularly bad for carbon emissions. Each time it is produced it creates 10 to 12 tonnes of carbon. This is then released into the atmosphere, along with the emissions created by the system employed. The reality is that blue hydrogen will probably figure in the integrative process due to the current support of the Australian federal government, politicians, and key corporations. Part 3 – Pricing; Cost Factors and Boundaries Research and development With the zero emission targets, green hydrogen as the renewable energy source is the only option. A functional green hydrogen economy has three important aspects: Production Storage and delivery Consumption – converting to other energy sources (Huang, 2019) Industries such as: aviation long haul transportation steel shipping chemical plants require massive amounts of energy and need to be emission free by 2100. Green and Grey Current prices Green hydrogen costs approximately $3 per kilogram. However, its price has already dropped 40% since 2015 and is expected to continue to fall. (Rais, 2021) Grey hydrogen costs approximately $2.20 per kilogram. (Giovannini, 2020) But it won’t remain so for much longer with market forces indicating a price rise. The EU emissions trading system also charges $20 - $25 EUROS per tonne of CO2 to bring it into their countries. Green hydrogen is the only option to reach zero emissions compared to blue and brown. The global push to end climate change is optimistic and increasing daily. Currently there are 228 large scale green hydrogen projects in operation worldwide. These projects are equal to approximately 300 billion dollars and consist mostly of governments that have officially pledged a commitment to zero emissions. 24 of them are in Oceania. (Magill, 2021) A report by the Hydrogen Council and McKinsey & Company stated that: “ 75 countries representing over half the world’s GDP have net-zero carbon ambitions and more than 30 have hydrogen-specific strategies. ” (Magill, 2021) Part 4 – Technology Technology costs lie in these areas: renewable electricity production research and design of the electrolyser stack which needs to be updated to industrial size standardisation of balance of plant components Renewable Electricity This is the most expensive aspect of green hydrogen production today. For a truly zero free emissions product, renewable electricity is mandatory. Finding the ideal topography is essential as wind and water are essential ingredients in the creation of green hydrogen. Electrolyser Technology The electrolyser stack is where research and development are needed to create green hydrogen in the amounts necessary to reduce costs. The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) is the category of electrolyser that would be used in the synthesis of green hydrogen. Inside the Electrolyser Stack - The stack inside the electrolyser is where the action of splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen occurs. Plant - The balance of plant encompasses the remaining parts of the electrolyser. It consists of: water and power supply water purifier compression hydrogen processing buffering of hydrogen and electricity Both the balance of plant and stack share similar pricing, but the balance of plant has more potential for cost to be decreased. The stack requires scalability from 1MW today to 20MW. For small scale production the stack represents almost 50 percent of the costs, but at larger productions it drops considerably to approximately 30 percent. Another cost-effective aspect to note is to standardise the components used to create the surrounds of the plant as well as the plant design. To summarise, the electrolyser design and components need optimisation to provide the necessary expandability and manufacturing to create green hydrogen. Production efficiencies need further augmenting to reduce the cost of electricity. Electrolyser equipment needs to be resilient and robust to enable costs to be extended in tandem with larger production output. (Bianco & Blanco, 2020) Part 5 – Australian Politics Can’t see the wood for the trees Province Resources are being supported with their project by the WA government for their Carnarvon project. ( see Coffee With Samso Episode 93 ) Together they are creating a framework for green hydrogen to guide the processes and procedures required for their project. By collaborating, they will come up with a comprehensive plan as well as a fiscal regime including royalties. On the other hand, the Australian federal government is of the slow burn mindset. The federal government’s concern is that there will be job losses in mining and agriculture and that is why they are not wholly on board. Along with the federal government there is the fossil fuels lobby and individual politicians that would prefer to go the slow route. ‘If rapid scale-up takes place in the next decade, green hydrogen is expected to start becoming competitive with blue hydrogen by 2030 in a wide range of countries – e.g., those with electricity prices of USD 30/MWh – and in applications.’ (Bianco & Blanco, 2020) Part 6 – Is it a Green Gold Rush? Part 6.1 - Will interest in raising capital for green hydrogen projects die off or remain stable? Some see green hydrogen as being a ‘flavour of the month’ case with no longevity. All the signs are pointing to the interest in renewable energy sources with green hydrogen being the real deal. Currently the level of global support from EU governments, Asia, policy makers, financial institutions, and tech giants etc continues to accelerate. Google Maps, which covers approximately 98 percent of the Earth will now display low carbon emission travelling destinations. This move is predicted to save approximately 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year announced Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai. (Milmo, 2021) Every week there is a plethora of green energy updates from around the world. Part 6.2 - In 15 – 20 years what industries will be likely to use green hydrogen? Which industries would potentially take up green hydrogen first? The schematic diagram above identifies the fields and industries that are likely to adopt green hydrogen when available. Mr. Frances also stated on Coffee With Samso Episode 93 that the following are the series of shifts that would occur with the adoption of green hydrogen. The first shift would be to gas blending - combining a percentage of green hydrogen with a current energy form. Domestic and export of green hydrogen to a country like Japan. Long haul transportation and smaller trucking companies. Then the crucial areas for decarbonisation - creating green steel, aluminium, and cement. Cement production is the single largest producer of carbon emissions. Human side to renewable energy source conversation We are a society that expects immediate gratification, yesterday. We forget that great discoveries take time and what we can’t live without, say the transformation of the mobile phone to the smartphone, has had its teething issues. Obstacles often come before breakthroughs and that is where the R&D and support come in. For now, it appears that we will continue to employ fossil fuels during their phase out for the foreseeable future. Part 6.3 - Conclusion Ultimately, it’s always better to be part of the solution, then continue to be part of the problem. I will be keeping an eye on green hydrogen as it progresses through continued research and exciting developments. I credit it for getting me interested in looking into investing. Investing allows you to be part of the bigger picture for altruistic, purely fiscal reasons or both. I know I will see green hydrogen in use sooner rather than later. The way forward The way forward is going to be a combination of these factors: Continued Research & Development Innovation & Scalability & Standardisation Tech adoption, when will we fully commit as a country? Government support at a local and federal level Collaborations and partnerships of like-minded businesses to successfully solve the challenges of an emission free future. References Bianco, E., & Blanco, H. (2020, November 01). Green Hydrogen: A guide to policy making . Retrieved from irena.org: https://www.irena.org/publications/2020/Nov/Green-hydrogen Collins, L. (2021, September 22). 'China should install 100GW of Green Hydrogen by 2030 says Beijing Supervised Body . Retrieved from rechargenews.com: https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/china-should-install-100gw-of-green-hydrogen-by-2030-says-beijing-supervised-body/2-1-1071599 Collins, L. (2021, September 28). New 10GW Green Hydrogen Project in Mauritania could include Africa's first offshore wind farm . Retrieved from rechargenews.com: https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/new-10gw-green-hydrogen-project-in-mauritania-could-include-africas-first-offshore-wind-farm/2-1-1074316 FACT SHEET: President Biden Sets 2030 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Reduction Target Aimed at Creating Good-Paying Union Jobs and Securing U.S. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies . (2021, April 22). Retrieved from whitehouse.gov: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/ Findlay, C. (2020, September 11). What's your purpose? Reusing gas infrastructure for hydrogen transportation . Retrieved from siemens-energy.com: https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/news/magazine/2020/repurposing-natural-gas-infrastructure-for-hydrogen.html Giovannini, S. (2020, November 13). 50 Shades of (Grey and blue and green) hydrogen . Retrieved from energy-cities.eu: https://energy-cities.eu/50-shades-of-grey-and-blue-and-green-hydrogen/ Huang, Z. (2019, March 19). Hydrogen fuels rockets, but what about daily life? Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/hydrogen-fuels-rockets-but-what-about-power-for-daily-life-were-getting-closer-112958 Jovan, D. J., & Dolanc, G. (2020, December 14). Can Hydrogen Production be Economically Viable Under Current Market Conditions . Retrieved from mdpi.com: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjW8-PXsa3zAhVpIbcAHRz5Cg4QFnoECCEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F1996-1073%2F13%2F24%2F6599%2Fpdf&usg=AOvVaw2OVBPUcL4UfJcf-lJ0OUDA Keidan, M. (2021, September 29). Canada's second largest pension fund says first to exit oil assets . Retrieved from reuters.com: https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/canadas-second-largest-pension-fund-caisse-reveals-new-climate-targets-2021-09-28/ Lowe, I. (2021, October 6). 5 Reasons Why the Morrison Government Needs a Net Zero Target, Not Just A Zero Plan . Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/5-reasons-why-the-morrison-government-needs-a-net-zero-target-not-just-a-flimsy-plan-169015?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Latest%20from%20The%20Conversation%20for%20October%206%202021%20-%202079020518&utm_content=Latest%20from% Magill, J. (2021, February 24). Europe, Asian Nations Leading the World in Hydrogen Development . Retrieved from forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimmagill/2021/02/24/europe-asian-nations-leading-the-world-in-hydrogen-development/?sh=6acc6fb54112 Matalucci, S. (2021, September 28). The Hydrogen Stream: Mongolia's Potential for Producing Green Hydrogen at $3.30kg . Retrieved from pv-magazine.com: . https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/09/28/the-hydrogen-stream-mongolias-potential-for-producing-green-hydrogen-at-3-30-kg/ Meza, E. (2021, May 28). Germany invests 8 billion euros in 62 EU backed hydrogen projects . Retrieved from cleanenergywire.org: . https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/germany-invests-8-billion-euros-62-eu-backed-hydrogen-projects Milmo, D. (2021, October 6). Google Maps to show the lowest carbon route for car journeys . Retrieved from theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/oct/06/google-maps-to-show-the-lowest-carbon-route-for-car-journeys Obayashi, Y. (2021, September 15). Japan, Australia to build Green Hydrogen Supply Chain . Retrieved from maritimeprofessional.com: https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/news/japan-australia-build-green-hydrogen-370613 Rais, A. (2021, March 5). Green Hydrogen is the future . Retrieved from process-worldwide.com: https://www.process-worldwide.com/green-hydrogen-is-the-future-a-1005639/ Sun, Y. (2021, September 28). China Will No Longer Build Overseas Coal Power Plants - What Energy Projects Will It Invest In Instead? Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/china-will-no-longer-build-overseas-coal-power-plants-what-energy-projects-will-it-invest-in-instead-168614 Tan, H., Thurbon, E., Mathews, J., & Young-Kim, S. (2020, October 8). China Just Stunned the World With Its Step-Up on its Climate Action - And the Implications for Australia may be Huge . Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/china-just-stunned-the-world-with-its-step-up-on-climate-action-and-the-implications-for-australia-may-be-huge-147268 Total and Engie Partner to Develop France's largest site for the production of green hydrogen from 100% renewable electricity . (2021, January 13). Retrieved from TotalEnergies.com: https://totalenergies.com/media/news/press-releases/total-and-engie-to-develop-france-s-largest-site-of-green-hydrogen Media Partner Brilliant-Online: Our investment articles are also shared across Brilliant-Online magazine . Check out their investment column. Subscribe to Brilliant-Online. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try to write topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au . Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au . Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel , Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google .

Samso Insights Episode 110 This article examines the changing state of media distribution for ASX resource companies. Popularity Contest Resistance to social media The Near Future - Web3 Always consult the legalities New Kids on the Block - Energy and Gold Successful companies on social media Share your narrative What's the focus? Like it or not, the digital world has exploded. What are you doing to gain attention to your ASX announcements or news that require engagement from your intended shareholders? Popularity Contest Which website do you think is the most popular today, worldwide? If you guessed Google like I did, we were both wrong. As of December 2021, Google lost its crown to TikTok. With video taking over as the communication medium of choice, the Metaverse updates and the first murmurings of Web3; failure to evolve alongside these tech advances and global social communication trends will leave your company at a standstill. It's hard to fathom now, but it wasn't that long ago that the personal computer was thought to be a niche product for a handful of homes. Put simply, there was no faith , at least initially. New methods that disrupt the status quo have a habit of fostering skepticism and distrust. To remain competitive, it's vital to keep up with global trends and innovations, despite the naysayers. What can your company do to catch the new breeds of investors' eye? This is your opportunity to get in and shape your company's online presence. Resistance to social media Not tackling your social media barriers head on only makes incorporating it later more difficult. Social media is synonymous with consumers, and consumers are investors. With the societal changes experienced globally over the last few years, toeing the line is not enough for investors. Investors/Consumers demand more from businesses today more than ever before and want to be informed, not placated, about your company's choices and its resultant outcomes. The Near Future - Web3 Web3 is about taking back the power that the large, centralised tech companies have held court over for the last fifteen years. It's the ability to be able to own the content that your company creates and maintain your privacy, unlike Web3. When we think of Web3 what comes to mind right now is cryptocurrencies, blockchain and the metaverse. Below is an example of a forward thinking mining company from the US and their foray into the Metaverse. Let's move into the world of marketing, the Metaverse and mining. Silver Bullet Mining is the first mining company globally to use the metaverse as a brand awareness tool by creating three immersive Silver Bullet ‘worlds’. The 'worlds' mimic SBMI's real life sites and reflect the changes as the mine sites move through the lifecycle sequences. The virtual worlds can be accessed via the use of the virtual reality headset, the Oculus device. “We are always looking for ways to enrich our communications with the shareholders,” said A. John Carter, SBMI’s CEO. “Being first in the metaverse allows us to engage differently with a larger demographic.” (Source here .) Silver Bullet Mining’s three worlds via Oculus can be found here: World 1 World 2 World 3 These three immersive worlds were set for release during the Mining Show, aka the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada conference in March this year, but were rescheduled to June 2022 instead. Silver Bullet Mining decided to release them earlier than wait for the June date. As their mining projects progress, the three immersive meta worlds will update accordingly, giving viewers a unique and unprecedented perspective on minesite operations. The quote above from Silver Bullet's CEO A.John Carter sums up this article perfectly. The world today is all about existing and making an impression online and attracting new stakeholders, preferably through video and it's only just getting started. If you want to keep up with the Silver Bullets of the world then keep reading. Making your foray into the digital media world requires some forethought and planning ahead. Companies that are vocal and transparent about their practices and are aligned with today’s ESG culture and are the ones that potential employees or investors are going to want to interact with, that stand out in their minds. Social media platforms are the modern way of engaging with the public at large providing a two way communication channel that doesn’t just speak at you, but provides opportunities to communicate that were once unheard of . (Source here .) Always consult the legalities Always consult ASIC and in the US, the SEC guidelines when making decisions on what information your business is comfortable sharing online. Protecting your company's proprietary information is paramount when it comes to social media, particularly if you have in-house staff with access to social media accounts and who are privy to sensitive information. Pay close attention to what is being posted in your company's name and vet all intended communications. New Kids on the Block - Energy and Gold New Australian sustainable energy companies such as Line Hydrogen have established profile accounts on Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. Powershop *DC have multiple business media accounts visibly displayed on their websites. Gold companies such as Aurum Resources have profile accounts with YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter; Austral Resources have Instagram, Facebook and Twitter and Bryah Resources (a manganese/copper and gold explorer) use Twitter, LinkedIn, Youtube and Facebook. This illustrates the point that to be a competitor in today's world, your company requires a social media presence and in particular, a presence on video. The aforementioned resource companies are using platforms that all host video. Video is the medium of the decade when it comes to all things marketing and communications, and it's only going to accelerate as time passes. Successful companies on social media So who got it right? The companies that have been successful in garnering a following on social media are those that have taken the time and effort to understand the social media landscapes in conjunction with their investor relations. FMG Rio Tinto World Gold Council Caterpillar Anglo American Newmont Mining Thiess Mining If you ignore the mental image that is conjured up when you think ‘social media’ and instead think of it as an extension of your company’s communication effort, it instantly becomes relatable to your business. Lagging on your business’s digital media strategy will emerge as a non-traditional threat the longer it is left wanting. Digital media is already taking the next leap into the baseline world of the Metaverse with advertising billboards, so if digital media is missing from your communications arsenal today, than it will be much harder to catch up when Web3 becomes a mainstay and it will be more than the Metaverse and cryptocurrencies. Share your narrative Digital media is any organisation's ultimate opportunity to create and control their narrative. Companies would be wise to bring their positive ESG outcomes and their CSR business models to the public’s attention. Companies that of their own volition have imposed the Good Neighbour Agreements that are legally binding should be highlighting these aspects of their business. Not to brag, but to educate, as part of many people’s opinions are only shaped by negative information, decades old misinformation and gossip and know little about how this industry has its positive and proactive members. Performing corporate responsibility and corporate volunteering is information that can be posted front and centre by using your social media accounts. Anytime you can control your image and put out the positive aspects should be taken up on and considered essential public relations. Who are the mining companies that stand out the most? Those who are leaders and those who implement their branding strategies the best and thus, are the most visible. What's the focus? 1. Share liquidity, Brand Awareness and Reputation Management A core goal is to get eyes on your business for the right reasons. Potential shareholders need to know you exist, why you exist and that your operation is sound . Creating a website and leaving it at that is the equivalent of phoning it in and still expecting outstanding results. Twitter and LinkedIn are the standard platforms resources industries use but with video taking over you need to expand your horizons and quickly. LinkedIn is a slow moving platform where changes made to a profile can take up to two hours to take effect, not exactly ideal for all your business news and for people getting their eyes on it. Creating relationships with stakeholders and potential and current investors should be your main goal. 2. Recruiting As your business grows you will want to attract the best talent out there. Getting in front of new graduates where they hang out online is only going to work in your favour. 3. Social innovation Highlight your company's work in social innovation. Showcasing your company's progress and adaptation in implementing digital and sustainable practices to save on inefficiencies is vital to staying competitive. 4. Beat the fake news Corporate social media is the place to celebrate and educate your company's wins and it’s also the place where you can correct misnomers and misinformation and provide discrete and accurate information updates should a crisis occur. Facebook has been the biggest source of news for many social media users which, as we know now, is by no means always accurate. By being proactive in the correction and the monitoring of misinformation, historical fake news or hearsay, it is essential to combat these aspects from proliferating. For many people the immediate association mining brings up is = bad and greedy. Bad for everyone and only good for the faceless and nameless executives in control. It's become a dehumanized industry. Much can be done to present a different perspective and educate those who think they are already informed. 5. Reputation management - Focal points Common areas of misinformation that can be clarified are historical misinformation, environmental concerns, First Nations peoples displacement, location damage, contamination fears etc. Many would still consider our society to be very selfish, but there has been a shift particularly over the last five years from individuals to businesses taking responsibility, accountability, and redress to correct past wrongs. Community relationships matter more than ever and the mining industry should take note. The University of Queensland recently concluded a study that found protests can cost a business approx. $20 million dollars a week in suspended production. A digital strategy can help mitigate this risk and save your business money. 6. It’s all in the way that you use it How the information is presented, the use of jargon or lack thereof also makes a big difference. Relaying of information and using plain language is imperative to ensure the right message is being disseminated through media channels. Otherwise, it can go against what you are trying to achieve. Assumptions made about the industry and those that work at every level of it, are another way to dispel the misnomers. Bringing a human element to the staff from grassroots level to the C Suite, can reduce the faceless, heartless corporate executive image people often conjure up. By being proactive with digital media and presenting your business on video, performs one key function: it puts a face to a name and it provides the essential connection that is missing from the faceless and uncaring mining company stereotype. 7. Video Du Jour You can achieve this by speaking with industry experts like Samso and getting your essential business messages across through the medium of du jour, video. Video imagery delivers your message across to audiences faster than words could ever convey on a screen or on paper. The world of social media is an exciting world in itself, and you have choices. All you need to do is take that first step. And the time to start is NOW. Getting Started You are aware of the tools available to your business, but where do you start? Before you get stuck into this section, consider how your business has adapted your existing investor outreach methods to the 'new normal' hybrid working conditions? Convert and conquer COVID took the nascent working from home trend and kicked it into becoming commonplace. This means converting your previous physical investor outreach methods into flexible, hybrid workplace friendly ones. Our pre-covid lifestyle hasn't returned yet and it may not ever be the same. COVID causes multiple interruptions and delays with workplace absences, service interruptions which can be mitigated by using today's tech app staples like Zoom/MSTeams and Google Workplace. You can reorient your former investor outreach activities and create appointments with serious investors, virtually. It also saves on expenses, time and no travel delays or disruptions. Ask Me Anything AMA webinars are a great addition to outreach activities. By organising, recording and uploading company investment information webinars onto platforms like YouTube, serves multiple purposes. It serves to keep authoritative company information in the public domain, It's in the fastest growing media format, video and is available to anyone globally, who wishes to view/listen to the recording for however long you wish for it to be available. Communications Audit After converting your investor presentations into hybrid workplace friendly formats, your next task is to audit your company's current communications materials and outlets. any existing online social media accounts company website, company website blog any email communications that are regularly disseminated annual reports Keep an eye out Scan your website for: outdated information, holiday closures dates *you would be surprised!* broken links, imagery, ex staff profiles and organise for their removal or update. Once a thorough audit has been conducted and the changes noted down, you can engage another person(s) to assist in removing the unwanted information. Social media accounts audit Conduct an audit on who your company's account follows and who follows back. This might seem inconsequential, but who your company's profile engages with forms part of your online reputation. It can affect your company's credibility both positively and negatively. It can effectively be an endorsement of the person or business, so be mindful of the optics. Audit past posts if you have existing social media profiles so an awareness of what has been posted in the past can form an online company history dossier for future reference. Consider the platforms, if any, your business is utilising: How do these platforms fit in with business goals? How effective have they been thus far? Do the platforms suit the content that is being distributed on them? Not all platforms suit all content. Ask these questions; How often are these materials accessed/requested? Do they need updating? It's a good idea to keep previous iterations of all published materials for reference. What are their primary goals for existing? Once you have ascertained the materials raison d'etre the next stage is asking the question, what does the business want to achieve by using social media? Is it brand awareness? Relationship building? Increased reach into new audiences? Market research? Increased SEO rankings? This list is not exhaustive. Your business may have a singular objective or it could use a combination of all of the above. Once you have decided upon the objective(s) you can move ahead to planning your content and using the platforms best suited to the content you wish to convey. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook . If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au . About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Mining HQ Podcasts Ep. 3 - 28:03 Noel says market is slow and that is a good thing because money is out there, so look at the substance and not the hype. Don´t get burnt due to FOMO. Projects take time to develop, so go for long term results. Or go to 28:03 - https://www.listnr.com/podcasts/mining-hq Radio Interviews with Mining HQ reaching out to 100,000 audiences per broadcast Noel Ong of Samso and Chris LeMesurier of 1055 TripleM speak fortnightly on Mining HQ about Mineral Exploration, Commodities and Mineral Resources. For the investors: Our interviews with Mining HQ includes topics to help you make good investment decisions. We also share Stock Picks, Stocks to Watch and Weekly Summaries. For Samso's clients: This is an additional opportunity for you to engage with investors directly. Samso works with a number of Media Partners like MiningHQ and Brilliant-Online to widen your reach. Contact Samso

Rooster Talk Episode 68 is with Barry Cahill, Managing Director of Cyprium Metals Limited (ASX:CYM) Good news for Cyprium's shareholders! Cyprium Metals Limited shares recent announcement about USD35M Secured Offtake Prepayment Facility for Nifty Copper Project Restart which highlights the prepayment of USD35M - basically the last piece of the puzzle that will hopefully bring about the start of copper plate production. Barry Cahill details the meaning of the announcement and takes viewers through the myriad of steps that will trigger production of copper plates at the Nifty operations. The Cyprium story is now taking shape with this announcement. As a shareholder, I feel that it will just be a matter of time before a re-rating of the company takes place. Cyprium is all about the Oxides and Heap Leaching to extract the copper. There are many commentaries in the market place but they have been focusing on the old mishaps of Nifty. Cyprium has made it simple. Mine the oxides only and worry about the sulphides later. Get yourself comfortable and listen to Barry telling us the journey, good and bad, since we last spoke to him in March 2022. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:09 All About The Secured Offtake Prepayment Facility 03:12 Is the Financing Done? 05:34 What does the Facility mean for Cyprium? 07:29 How should Investors Position with Cyprium Metals? 09:43 Nifty - Positive and Negative. 10:13 The Negative Perception of Nifty. 11:26 Reasons why Australia is not good with Heap Leaching. 11:46 History of Nifty Production. 14:00 The Negativity around Nifty. 14:50 Nifty - The Cyprium Way - All About the Oxides. 20:41 Is the Nifty Oxide Heap Leaching all about Particle Size and Chemistry? 23:15 Any more Regulatory Boxes to Tick Off? 25:04 Has the Tiger been thrown out the Door? 25:32 Underestimated Value of Nifty. 26:57 Timing and News Flow? 28:07 Summary of the Finance Equation. 29:08 Conclusion PODCAST Listen to previous conversations with Cyprium Metals Limited About Barry Cahill Managing Director Mr. Cahill is a mining engineer with over 30 years’ experience in exploration, operational mining and management. In particular, his experience covers management of project development and construction from exploration drilling through project funding, commissioning and development. He was the Managing Director of Finders Resources Limited from 2013 until its takeover in 2018. Mr. Cahill has previously been Executive Director of a number of public companies including Operations Director at Perilya Limited and Managing Director of Australian Mines Limited and Norseman Gold Plc. About Cyprium Metals Limited (ASX:CYM) Cyprium Metals Limited (ASX: CYM) is an ASX listed company with copper projects in Australia. The Company has a highly credentialed management team that is experienced in successfully developing sulphide heap leach copper projects in challenging locations. The Company’s strategy is to acquire, develop and operate mineral resource projects in Australia which are optimised by innovative processing solutions to produce copper metal on-site to maximise value. The Company has projects in the Murchison and Paterson regions of Western Australia that is host to a number of base metals deposits with copper and gold mineralisation. Paterson Copper Projects This portfolio of copper projects comprises the Nifty Copper Mine, Maroochydore Copper Project and Paterson Exploration Project. The Nifty Copper Mine (“Nifty”) is located on the western edge of the Great Sandy Desert in the north-eastern Pilbara region of Western Australia, approximately 330km southeast of Port Hedland. Nifty contains a 2012 JORC Mineral Resource of 732,200 tonnes of contained copper (i). Cyprium is focussed on a heap leach SX-EW operation to retreat the current heap leach pads as well as open pit oxide and transitional material. Studies will investigate the potential restart of the copper concentrator to treat open pit sulphide material. The Maroochydore deposit is located ~85km southeast of Nifty and includes a shallow 2012 JORC Mineral Resource of 486,000 tonnes of contained copper (ii). Aeris Resources Limited (ASX: AIS, formerly Straits Resources Limited) holds certain rights to “buy back up to 50%” into any proposed mine development in respect of the Maroochydore Project, subject to a payment of 3 times the exploration expenditure contribution that would have been required to maintain its interest in the project. An exploration earn-in joint venture has been entered into with IGO Limited on ~2,400km2 of the Paterson Exploration Project. Under the agreement, IGO is to sole fund $32 million of exploration activities over 6.5 years to earn a 70% interest in the Paterson Exploration Project, including a minimum expenditure of $11 million over the first 3.5 years. Upon earning a 70% interest, the Joint Venture will form and IGO will free-carry Paterson Copper to the completion of a pre-feasibility study (PFS) on a new mineral discovery. Murchison Copper-Gold Projects Cyprium has an 80% attributable interest in a joint venture with Musgrave Minerals Limited (ASX: MGV) at the Cue Copper-Gold Project, which is located ~20km to the east of Cue in Western Australia. Cyprium will free-carry the Cue Copper Project to the completion of a definitive feasibility study (DFS). The Cue Copper-Gold Project includes the Hollandaire Copper-Gold Mineral Resources of 51,500 tonnes contained copper (iii), which is open at depth. Metallurgical test-work has been undertaken to determine the optimal copper extraction methodology, which resulted in rapid leaching times (refer to 9 March 2020 CYM announcement, “ Copper Metal Plated ”, https://cypriummetals.com/copper-metal-plated/). The Nanadie Well Project is located ~650km northeast of Perth and ~75km southeast of Meekatharra in the Murchison District of Western Australia, within mining lease M51/887. The Cue and Nanadie Well Copper-Gold projects are included in an ongoing scoping study, to determine the parameters required to develop a copper project in the region, which provides direction for resource expansion work. (i) Refer to CYM ASX announcement dated 17 November 2021 “ Updated Nifty Copper Mineral Resource Estimate ” (ii) Refer to MLX ASX announcements: 10 March 2020, “Nifty Copper Mine Resource Update” and 18 August 2016, “Annual Update of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves” (iii) Refer to CYM ASX announcement: 29 September 2020, “Hollandaire Copper-gold Mineral Resource Estimate” Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook . If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au . About Samso Click on image above for Coffee With Samso investment column featured on Brilliant-Online. Our new Brilliant partnership allows us to distribute stories from ASX companies and private businesses to a wider community. As subscribers to Samso, you will find Brilliant stories inspiring.

Samso on Mining HQ Podcasts Ep.25 looks at the success of the Olympic Dam. Exploration is the lifeblood of the mining industry. And when you find something as big as the Olympic Dam you'll want to learn as much as you can from it. The Olympic Dam is one of the world's most significant deposits of gold, copper and uranium. Noel looks at why this is probably the best exploration example to date, why it's so successful and what key learnings we can take from this incredible model. The size of this discovery is rare and the journey taken as well. However, the takeaway should be that exploration is a marathon and it is about testing theories. Companies should be allowed to be given time and the process to happen. As David Upton pointed out in his book, the Olympic Dam is a story of creativity, persistence and faith in their abilities. These three words is what is the essence of the lesson from the discovery. Listen here: Radio Interviews with Mining HQ reaching out to 100,000 audiences per broadcast Noel Ong of Samso and Chris LeMesurier of 1055 TripleM speak fortnightly on Mining HQ about Mineral Exploration, Commodities and Mineral Resources. For the investors: Our interviews with Mining HQ includes topics to help you make good investment decisions. We also share Stock Picks, Stocks to Watch and Weekly Summaries. For Samso's clients: This is an additional opportunity for you to engage with investors directly. Samso works with a number of Media Partners like MiningHQ and Brilliant-Online to widen your reach. Contact Samso

There are two parts to today's podcast on Samso on Mining HQ Podcasts Ep.27 Part 1: Noel was on air with Chris Le Messurier of Mining HQ to discuss marketing and promotions for ASX companies or companies soon to be on ASX. Some of the questions that Chris asked. Should companies continue to promote themselves when the market is not reactive? When is the best time to promote yourself? How can you promote yourself? Why should we promote when we think no one is listening? Noel believes that the best time to promote yourselves is now when everyone has gone in hibernation so you should be singing the loudest. Good story telling is the best way to get the message across. In the modern digital world, impressions are how many times your content is spotted. Using short form information is the best way to test the market on your content and then use that as the best gauge to do long form campaigns. Part 2: What should investors be looking at with so much marketing noise? Ignore the emotions on Fear of Missing Out. Noel says it is back to basics to doing your own research and due diligence. There's lots of noise out there especially with short form information and it is necessary to sieve through long form information in order to make sound decisions. Listen here: Radio Interviews with Mining HQ reaching out to 100,000 audiences per broadcast Noel Ong of Samso and Chris LeMesurier of 1055 TripleM speak fortnightly on Mining HQ about Mineral Exploration, Commodities and Mineral Resources. For the investors: Our interviews with Mining HQ includes topics to help you make good investment decisions. We also share Stock Picks, Stocks to Watch and Weekly Summaries. For Samso's clients: This is an additional opportunity for you to engage with investors directly. Samso works with a number of Media Partners like MiningHQ and Brilliant-Online to widen your reach. Contact Samso

Coffee with Samso Episode 162 is all about uranium. Today, we hear from Caroline Keats, Managing Director and CEO of ENRG Elements Limited (ASX: EEL) about their Uranium Project in Niger, a well known uranium province. Jump to her interview For decades, Niger has been a known uranium producing nation in an endowed U3O8 mineralising province. When I think of a mineral province, my thoughts are the area is a proven mineralised system. In this day and age, the need to get the product to market is a very important aspect as well. The first Uranium story on Samso was in 2019 with Mike Young from Vimy Resources Limited. Vimy has since been taken over by Deep Yellow Limited (ASC: DYL). At that time, there was still a lot of resistance to the uranium business. I feel the sentiment in the market has changed dramatically since 2019. There has been a recent rise in the price of "yellowcake" to above USD60 per pound. With little activity in the uranium sector, our recent interview with Simon Mitchell of Orpheus Minerals Limited may have sparked off new perceived sentiments when they announced their IPO. Simon told our listeners about the new company doing uranium exploration in Australia. The ENRG Element story is very different We are talking about a project that is in a proven uranium mining province. We are talking about a proven uranium mineralised province. The nation of Niger is a significant uranium player. My realisation of the potential of ENRG Elements is that there is a history of uranium mining and extraction in Niger. There are big players involved and the increasing sentiment for nuclear energy could make this a very interesting proposition. Serious Business ENRG Elements has a project that Paladin Energy Limited (ASX: PDN) had as a second project and they did work on the property. This was a project that Paladin did research on and acquired. It wasn't moose pasture. This was also a project that is in a known and proven mineralised province. ENRG Elements has an inferred resource on the project as well. Definitely not a hope and a prayer style project. The fact is that the company, ENRG Elements has to complete the journey to prove the economic viability of the project. The economic viability of the project is no longer uncertain as a good part of the journey is completed. Jurisdiction risks are always present but somewhat less in Niger as they are in the business of uranium already. Take some time, listen to the episode and use the information as part of your DYOR process. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:23 About Caroline and ENRG. 02:51 About the Agadez Project. 06:48 Being based in a producing country. 11:08 Is ENRG a critical metal company or an energy company? 13:21 The view on Uranium. 15:51 The future of nuclear power. 18:52 How should investors position themselves? 20:43 How should investors view ENRG? 21:54 The Ghanzi West Copper Project. 23:12 News flow. 23:52 Why EEL? 24:49 Conclusion About Caroline Keats Managing Director and CEO Ms Keats is a focused business leader and corporate executive with twenty years of corporate/commercial experience. She has extensive experience working with assets in foreign jurisdictions, particularly Africa and has successfully liaised with foreign governments to improve understanding about operational and Australian corporate requirements, while facilitating outcomes beneficial to mining projects, local communities and the local economy. Ms Keats is legally qualified, having commenced her career as a lawyer at Blake Dawson Waldron (now Ashurst) and then at Blakiston & Crabb (now Gilbert & Tobin). She has since worked in senior management and executive roles at Paladin Energy Ltd, Mawson West Ltd, MRX Technologies (a Siemens business) and more recently held the Managing Director role at Tiger Resources Ltd. About ENRG Elements Limited ENRG Elements Limited (ASX:EEL) is a company focused on the exploration and development of its uranium and copper projects, commodities that are essential for a carbon-neutral and electric future. The company holds 100% of the underexplored Agadez Uranium Project located in the Tim Mersoi Basin of Niger, with a JORC Resource of 10.7m pounds of contained eU3O8 at 295ppm (150ppm cut-off grade) from surface to only ~30m depth, with exploration currently underway to advance the project. Agadez hosts similar geology to Orano SA’s Cominak/Somair and Imouraren mines and deposits held by Global Atomic Corporation (TSE:GLO) and GoviEx Uranium (CVE:GXU). Niger has one of the world’s largest uranium reserves and in 2021 was the seventh‐highest uranium producer globally, with the Tim Mersoi Basin in Niger hosting the highest-grade and tonnage uranium ores in Africa. ENRG also holds the 100% owned Ghanzi West Copper-Silver Project with a total area of 2,630km2 in the Kalahari Copper Belt of Botswana, one of the most prospective copper belts in the world, which also hosts Sandfire Resources' (ASX:SFR) Motheo Copper Mine and Khoemacau Copper Mining’s Zone 5 underground mine. ENRG believes that the Kalahari Copper Belt has the potential for material discovery, with further exploration underway to advance the project. Botswana is a stable, pro-mining jurisdiction, supportive of mineral exploration and development. According to the 2020 Fraser Institute Annual Mining Survey, Botswana was ranked 1st for ‘investment attractiveness’ in Africa, in addition to being ranked 11th out of 77 countries globally. The Company also holds the Horseshoe West Copper-Gold Project with 32.4km2 of tenements surrounding the historic Horseshoe Lights Mine in Western Australia, located 150km north of Meekatharra, as part of the Earn-in and Joint Venture agreement with Horseshoe Metals Ltd (ASX:HOR). The Directors and management of ENRG have strong complementary experience with over 90 years of Australian and international technical, legal and executive experience in exploration, resource development, mining, legal and resource fields. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.

Samso Insight Episode 108 Jump straight to: The Tale of Two Journeys What I like about Aurumin History of the Central Sandstone Project Geology of the Central Sandstone Project The Story of Aurumin The Solution to the Problem Samso's driven purpose The Samso experience has always been about identifying a good story and then sharing that on our platform with uniquely acute insights. We are fast approaching the end of 2022 which would mark our 4th anniversary. Time has passed so fast. The first official Samso blog was published in August 2018 but there were some articles that were written as far back as 2016. As Samso developed, one thing has never changed. The motivation has always been to share our Insights with a purpose to showcase the potential of every story that will allow readers, viewers and listeners to understand and DYOR. This is the first of a new series for the Samso community where I share my thoughts on the market and the companies that I feel may be relevant. As the market gets complicated and investors are running for cover, I felt it would be a good opportunity to share my thoughts on companies that have been largely ignored due to a lack of market love. It's something that I feel will give an extra viewpoint that may be of use to readers :-) The Tale of Two Journeys For those readers who have been following the Coffee with Samso series, they would know of Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) . I have been covering Aurumin for a while and I am now more optimistic on their story. We at Samso are not recommending Aurumin as investment (we are not authorised to recommend any financial products) , but rather, we are showcasing them to create awareness in the community. As an exploration geologist and thinking in that kind of space consistently, I have said it many times in the videos what I like about Aurumin. What I like about Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) The company's latest announcement (Released 31st October 2022) should give readers good reasons to get some research happening. The basic information is the upgrading of the Two Mile Hill Underground resource to 574koz @ 1.6 g/t Au. Why is this significant? Well, when the company took on the project, the Two Mile Hill UG resource was 500,000 ounces at a grade of 1.1 g/t Au. This upgrade is the first step to making the Sandstone project a legitimate mining proposition. When I talk to people about the potential of this acquisition, the consensus was on the ability of Brad Valiukas and his team to show that the Two Mile Hill UG resource could be upgraded. According to Brad, what will be required to make Two Mile work is this: 800oz/vm at 2g/t works well. So long as we can keep the bulk (30m high, 20m wide stopes). We are currently at 1,400 ounces per vertical meter at 1.6g/t, but there is no allowance in that for extraction percentage (pillars). Cut off grade at current gold prices is about 1g/t (plus or minus depending on the mill size), so both the resource and target have some margin. We are close, hence we will start some internal scoping work. I think there is still upside with the UG. There is room for some extension north and south, and more data could bring the grade up again. As the company manages its exploration activities, one of the main questions is, what are the steps moving forward? What will Aurumin be doing in the coming 12 months? 2Mile Hill is currently still inferred. I really want to see what I can get out of some scoping work before making a call on the next expenditure. The best place to drill it from is UG, probably from in the tonalite and drilling perpendicular to the ore zones and veins, hitting the contacts both east and west. At the moment, drilling from UG is as cost effective as drilling it out from surface, plus we would be UG at the top of the ore body, ready to mine. Some big calls to make. One of the most important aspects of any mining proposition is the combination of grade and resource. I was curious about this and I asked Brad this question, in regards to the Sandstone/Two Mile Hill project. HIs comments were as follows: On a macro scale, it is mostly about grade. But more is always better. More surface resource gives me space to mine the UG while pits are filling the mill. And, as above, some sweeteners would be good. Aurumin is now all about the Sandstone project. According to the website, the Central Sandstone Project is located 12km south of the township of Sandstone, ~520km northeast of Perth, and located on a sealed highway between the mining towns of Mt Magnet and Leinster in the East Murchison Mineral Field of Western Australia. The Central Sandstone Project comprises granted tenure covering 112km2, including two granted Mining Licenses. The Central Sandstone Project also includes a non-operating 500,000tpa CIL processing plant, all associated infrastructure, operating licenses, permitted tailings storage facility and bore field, and camp facilities located on freehold title within the nearby town of Sandstone. History of the Central Sandstone Project (Source: Aurumin Website) In excess of 1Moz of gold has been produced from surface, open pit and underground operations in the Sandstone area since the 1890s. In addition to historic mining activities, more recent gold production is variously attributed to Herald Resources Limited in the 1990s and Troy Resources Limited (Troy) from 1999 to 2010. Troy extracted and processed a combined total of approximately 4.4Mt open pit of ore at an average grade of 3.6g/t Au for production of 508,000oz gold before the operation was placed on care and maintenance in September 2010. Middle Island Resources (Middle Island) acquired the Project in 2016 and explored the Project up until 2021. In December 2021, Aurumin entered into an agreement to acquire the Central Sandstone Project from Middle Island for $12 million in cash and shares. This acquisition came with a complete package of a largely disjointed region of ownership previously. Geology of the Central Sandstone Project Gold mineralisation is hosted within the Sandstone greenstone belt within the Southern Cross Province that forms the central spine of the Archaean Yilgarn Block. The Sandstone greenstone belt forms a classic ‘hourglass’ structure at the northern end of the Diemals Dome, where two major trans-current structures, the Edale and Youanmi faults, respectively confine the eastern and western margins of the belt. The Story of Aurumin Aurumin is a low market capitalisation company that has hallmarks of greater things. As I write, the market cap is around AUD11M. This is a company with nearly 1M ounces of gold in which over 500K ounces is in the Two Mile Hill deposit. I like the gold industry and it is very rare to find a story like Aurumin. I titled this blog "The Tale of Two Journeys" because I feel that Aurumin has two journeys to complete. The production path is very clear but I think the consolidation of all the exploration upside will make them achieve the miner status much faster. The exploration that Aurumin is doing is not grassroots but to consolidate the known resources. The upgrading of the Two Mile Hill resources will continue to take place. Conversations with Brad on our Samso platform are proof that the management of Aurumin has implemented a plan and has executed it well, at this time. Coffee with Samso: Aspiring High Grade Gold Miner: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Making of a Gold Miner Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - Developing the Gold Mining Story Rooster Talk: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Beginnings of a Gold Producer. Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) - Central Sandstone Resource Update. When Brad and I had the very first conversation in March 2021 (COVID never existed), there were valid reasons to doubt the company strategy. The plans were new and the potential upside were vague and felt a bit far away. It was not that they could not achieve, it was more about time to complete the task at hand. If you have been in this game as long as I have, you will know that acquisition was in the air. The time to do things in this industry is measured in months, otherwise, your hare price is going to move in the wrong direction, and if that happens, it normally ends in the wrong place. The Solution to the Problem Forward to 2022, the scene is very different. The sentiment for gold may not be as flavourful as Lithium. However, one has to remember that Brad Valiukas comes from big company thinking. Big company thinkers are always looking at expansion and creating economies of scale. The recent upgrade in resources at Two Mile Hill is showing that the numbers will make the league. It's just a matter of drilling and creating more data points. The numbers will improve if the recent drilling program is a precursor of what's to come. The competitive advantage for Aurumin is the potential plus 500K ounces (Two Mile Hill Underground) of near 2g/t dirt and the Mill. Some may say that the Mill is worthless and should be replaced. However, the location of the Central Sandstone Project makes it strategic to offer a central processing center. If anyone has been in business, location is everything. The figure above will show that a central processing hub is best in the middle. It would make total sense if the central processing Hub has a good resource of gold itself. If you expand the story to include the ounces that may come up from Southern Cross and Johnson Range, you have ounces that cannot be replaced. Here is a good take away -Sandstone is in between the Gidgee and Youanmi region. A centralised processing center that only really works well for the guy in the middle. The final point is that Brad worked with Northern Star and Focus. Look at how those two companies (different fortunes) grew as a company. Northern Star had Paulsens Gold Mine and that was like a starter project. Do Your Own Research and reach out to management. Aurumin is currently doing a Rights Issue and this may be a great time to approach the company and get the facts. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook . If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au . About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Coffee with Samso Episode 161 is all about uranium. Orpheus Minerals Limited (ASX: ORP) is currently completing their Initial Public Offer which closes on the 25th November 2022. Download Prospectus: www.orpheusminerals.com.au/IPO Closure date of the offer: 5PM AEST Friday 25 November 2022 Simon Mitchell, the Managing Director of Orpheus Minerals Limited (ASX: ORP) shares his thoughts on a sector that rarely makes an appearance in recent media coverage. Simon has extensive experience in the uranium sector and he gives a great summary of why Orpheus is on a path that is now getting some attention. Uranium has been a dirty word for awhile and the last major market interest of substance was as far back as 2006. There was some interest a couple of years back, but that was very short lived. In this episode we focused on the Orpheus projects and what the market sentiments will be for uranium. We had a discussion of the two major styles of uranium geology. This is a great episode for new investors to get some sort of an understanding on the roll-front and unconformity style uranium deposits. Listen to Simon here We also talked about the market and why the future for uranium looks bright. Orpheus has also selected projects in two Australian states that have good uranium mining policies. Those that are looking for exposure in this sector should take a good look at Orpheus Minerals as they have two of the main points I always look for in a company i.e. a good project, and an even better management. Check out the management team and you will find that there is a great wealth of experience in the uranium space. This is very rare. There are not many uranium exploration companies that have a staple of uranium experience like Orpheus Minerals Limited. The key to the uranium industry, from an investor's point of view is the global wave of acceptance to build more nuclear reactors. According to Simon, this has already happened. This gives me the greatest confidence that the investor's position is near. Do Your Own Research but don't let this slip. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:23 Introduction to Simon Mitchell. 02:38 Why Australia for Uranium? 03:37 Australian Uranium Province. 05:47 The Orpheus Paleo-Channel Projects. 06:15 The Orpheus Northern Territory Projects. 06:43 The Frome Project. 07:53 The Two Major Styles of Uranium Geology. 08:56 The Paleo-Channel / Roll-Front Uranium Style. 10:51 Do Paleo-Channel Uranium Projects occur together? 12:53 The Cooking Pot - Mineral System of Uranium Mineralisation. 13:56 Phosphate as a Uranium Pathfinder Mineral. 15:17 The Unconformity Uranium Geology. 20:08 Geological Unconformity Explained. 21:06 The Covid Unconformity Example. 21:25 Why is Uranium going to be in Focus? 26:33 Where is the Uranium Discussion Now? 27:44 What's the Global Nuclear Point of View? 32:34 What is the progress of Nuclear Safety? 34:46 Great Advancement of Safety in the Nuclear sector. 37:09 The Orpheus IPO Progress. 38:04 Key takeaway from Simon Mitchell. 38:39 Key management of Orpheus Minerals Limited. 40:26 Conclusion Simon Mitchell Managing Director BSC (HONS) GEOL, GRAD.DIP. APPLIED FINANCE, MAUSIMM, GAICD, MSEG Simon Mitchell was appointed Managing Director of Orpheus on 1 November 2021. Mr. Mitchell is a geologist and corporate executive with 31 years of resources industry experience in both technical and finance roles. From 2015 to 2021, Mr Mitchell was CEO and Managing Director of Southern Gold Limited, an ASX listed gold exploration company with a focus on Australia and South Korea. Mr Mitchell was General Manager of Business Development with ASX listed uranium exploration and mine development company Toro Energy Limited from 2006 until 2013 where he was responsible for managing the raising of more than US$80m. Mr Mitchell was also the lead executive for Toro in the A$280m takeover of ASX listed Nova Energy, then owner of the Lake Way-Centipede uranium project, near the town of Wiluna. Subsequent to the Nova acquisition, Mr Mitchell also negotiated a series of deals to consolidate the broader Wiluna Uranium project, doubling the resource base from 24mlb uranium oxide to more than 50mlb uranium oxide. Prior to Toro Energy, Mr Mitchell had 10 years gold exploration and mine development experience with Normandy NFM, RGC, Goldfields and Aurora Gold in Australia, Bolivia, Chile, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, and worked for six years at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, predominantly in Project Finance. Orpheus Minerals Limited Orpheus Minerals Limited was established to explore and discover greenfield uranium deposits in South Australia and the Northern Territory at economic grade and scale. The focus is on sandstone/sediment hosted (paleochannel roll front or structurally controlled) and unconformity (hard rock) uranium deposit types as these are typically higher grade or more simply extracted. Orpheus’s exploration focus is on the Australian jurisdictions that presently include approved and operating (or recently operating) uranium mines – South Australia and the Northern Territory. These are also the jurisdictions considered to have high prospectivity for economic uranium deposits and have the regulatory systems at both state and federal level supportive of the development of new uranium mines. Orpheus Minerals is an Australian unlisted public company, incorporated on 21 August 2020 by its current parent company, Argonaut Resources NL (ASX:ARE) (Argonaut). Following a strategic review by Argonaut of its assets, Argonaut decided to demerge its uranium exploration projects via the Offer, which is considered to be a partial, non-standard spin-out. Argonaut shareholder approval for the demerger for the purposes of ASX Listing Rule 11.4 was received on 30 September, 2022. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.

Coffee with Samso Episode 104 is with Florence Drummond, CEO & Co-Founder of IWIMRA (Indigenous Women in Mining and Resources Australia). ESG are three letters that is taking centre stage in the world of mineral commodities. ESG is a topic of discussion in every conversation but we ask, where does First Nation members fit in this discussion? In this episode of Coffee With Samso, Florence Drummond and I are discussing where does engagement with the Indigenous sector fit into the whole ESG statement. How do we measure Social Performance without making it about pointing fingers. There are many forms of engagement which are not industry specific. Crossing into other businesses to encourage participation with the company is a great way of engagement. We discuss several methods and ways to form relationships with companies and indigenous platforms which create mutual benefits. Tune in to find out more about Florence Drummond and IWIMRA. Chapters 00:00 Introduction 01:02 Where Does Indigenous Engagement Fit in ESG? 02:26 How do our sector get into the middle road? 03:43 How is the process of Indigenous people moving into employment? 04:44 How do we measure Social Performance? 06:22 Has the Indigenous sector been active in getting into the Field workplace? 10:07 What has been happening in the IWIMRA area? 11:11 90% of mineral exploration companies do not have a Indigenous policy. 12:32 Has the Indigenous suppliers increased over the time? 14:18 Other ways of engaging with Indigenous people in non-mining business. 15:18 Social engagement can be more about indigenous private business. 17:29 Why are Indigenous business not more 'In Your Face". 18:55 How does IWIMRA get involved in promoting Indigenous business. 20:49 People need to get into the media space to create engagement. 22:36 Sustainable Investments and ESG is here to stay. 23:18 Conclusion PODCAST About Florence Drummond CEO & Co-Founder IWIMRA Florence Drummond leads IWIMRA, a community for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in the mining and resources sector. Founded in 2017 with the focus of raising the profile of Indigenous women, the national network is now stepping into the international arena and engaging with all Indigenous peoples in the sector. It is an organic shift into the NFP space to better contribute towards best practice. Florence's introduction to the mining industry was as a Machine Operator. Within the 8 years of her time working directly for tier one companies, alongside her national team, she has successfully built IWIMRA as a peak body for Indigenous relations within the sector. Her international participation and experience in attending forums such as UN Commission of the Status of Women in New York and also representing Australia at the regional forum of UN ESCAP in Bangkok, has continued to shape the expectations of the network to contribute at a policy level to ensure best practice for Indigenous stakeholder engagement in the industry. In 2020 Florence was recognised as WIMUK Global Top 100 Most Influential Women in Mining, joining a cohort of influential women who continue to reflect and uphold what good leadership looks like. Check out our last Coffee With Samso Episode 95 where Florence discussed about Indigenous Women In Mining, their Challenges and Future. About IWIMRA Indigenous Women In Mining and Resources Australia Indigenous Women in Mining and Resources Australia (IWIMRA) was founded in 2017 to create a stronger connection amongst Indigenous women in Australia’s Mining and Resource sector. IWIMRA partners with industries to continually raise the profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and to contribute to best practice solutions. Through their lived experiences, and their narrative of Indigenous intersectionality, it is their priority to ensure the visibility, voice and quality participation of Indigenous women. IWIMRA aspires to lead with clarity and purpose. Working with industries to build solutions-driven, cross-culture influential relationships, together they continue to contribute towards a sustainable future for everyone 1. Why does IWIMRA exist? To raise the profile of Indigenous women in the mining and resources industry 2. What does IWIMRA do? As a membership based organisation, IWIMRA aims to build an online community to engage in conversation with women across the industry. Our digital platform is designed to overcome geographical barriers with the core aim to identify gaps for career progression and opportunities to improve for Indigenous women. Furthermore, promote culturally safe professional development tools, access to community of mentors, quality opportunities and brokering greater relations with key industry stakeholders. IWIMRA is focused on building capacity that is fit for purpose, to align with the innovative nature of the mining and resources industry. 3. Who does IWIMRA benefit? IWIMRA is established to benefit Indigenous Women in the mining and resources sector. Indigenous women are identified as the cornerstone of many families and communities. Indigenous women's participation and influence in the industry can be utilised to strengthen relations within the Indigenous workforce, to promote retention initiatives. From a global perspective, Indigenous women are identified as most vulnerable, in their opportunities to innovate with the fast paced society. The mining and resources industry is informed by global instruments such as the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. 4. How will IWIMRA achieve its goals? IWIMRA will achieve its goals by strengthening its digital platform, which encompasses key focus areas that include: access to professional development pathways services, community of mentors and relations & investment by employee companies. This partnered approach to raising the profile of Indigenous women in mining and resources, will ensure transparency, accountability and ownership. 5. What does success look like? Success for IWIMRA will be a self sustaining network of confident, capable and informed women. Leading the conversation internally for specific Indigenous initiatives and contributing to industry best practice. The success of our digital platform to facilitate robust conversations within the mining and resources industry which will continue to promote and inform best practice, with a lens that is culturally safe, future focused and fit for purpose. To learn more of IWIMRA's membership opportunities contact here. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso

Tungsten is very little understood in the investing world.  At this moment, in the ASX, there is only one company that is a significant player in the Tungsten commodity space, and that is Tungsten Mining (ASX: TGN) . In my opinion, this will be the next EV story. I believe that it is time for tungsten to take on The Next EV Story. Elon Musk famously starts his PhD thesis on a topic related to Tungsten Battery.  Tungsten is a rare metal, and to my knowledge, there is only one real high-grade deposit (Cantung Mine, Canada) that is economical to go into production.  Hence, it is not a simple commodity to make into production. This commodity is all about a large-scale and low-grade scenario. Anyone tells you otherwise is gunning for a job :-). As we move into the high tech space, tungsten properties become increasingly important. It is not a high usage metal, but it is of high value mainly due to its rarity status in the commodity world. WordPress Carousel Free Version What is Tungsten? Wikipedia has the following brief about Tungsten. Tungsten , or Wolfram , [7] [8] is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The name tungsten comes from the former Swedish name for the tungstate mineral scheelite , from tungsten “heavy stone”. [9] Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively combined with other elements in chemical compounds rather than alone. It was identified as a new element in 1781 and first isolated as a metal in 1783. Its important ores include wolframite and scheelite . The free element is remarkable for its robustness, especially the fact that it has the highest melting point of all the elements discovered, melting at 3422 °C (6192 °F, 3695 K). It also has the highest boiling point , at 5930 °C (10706 °F, 6203 K)[ citation needed ]. Its density is 19.3 times that of water, comparable to that of uranium and gold , and much higher (about 1.7 times) than that of lead . [10] Polycrystalline tungsten is an intrinsically brittle [11] [12] and hard material (under standard conditions, when uncombined), making it difficult to work . However, pure single-crystalline tungsten is more ductile and can be cut with a hard-steel hacksaw . [13] Tungsten’s many alloys have numerous applications, including incandescent light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes (as both the filament and target), electrodes in TIG welding , superalloys , and radiation shielding . Tungsten’s hardness and high density give it military applications in penetrating projectiles . Tungsten compounds are also often used as industrial catalysts . Tungsten is the only metal from the third transition series that is known to occur in biomolecules that are found in a few species of bacteria and archaea . It is the heaviest element known to be essential to any living organism. [14] Tungsten interferes with molybdenum and copper metabolism and is somewhat toxic to animal life. [15] [16] What is Tungsten for? Some typical use of Tungsten, Historically and commonly used as filaments in incandescent light bulbs.  Alternative lighting has replaced these light bulbs. Used in electric contacts and arc-welding electrodes. Used as alloys, such as steel. It is most famous for being used for armour plating and armour piercing “objects”. Tungsten carbide is the main component in Cement carbide. The high strength makes it ideal as a cutting tool for machining of steel. X-ray tubes for medical use have a tungsten emitter coil, and the screen used to view X-rays rely on calcium and magnesium tungstate phosphors to convert x-rays into the visible blue light. Used in microchip technology and liquid crystals displays. It is also one of the items used to help our phones vibrate. NanoBolt Lithium Tungsten Batteries (source: www.gray.com) Researchers at N1 Technologies have been working on battery anode materials.  They added tungsten and carbon multi-layered nanotubes that bond to the copper anode substrate and build up a web-like nanostructure. This layer formed a vast surface for more ions to attach to during recharge and discharge cycles. That makes recharging the NanoBolt lithium tungsten battery faster, and it also stores more energy. Nanotubes are ready to be cut to size for use in any Lithium Battery design. source: https://www.gray.com/news/blog/2016/05/10/5-new-battery-technologies-that-will-change-the-future Fast Charging Battery (source: www.physicsworld.com ) One of the studies that have happened in Tungsten batteries is that they can charge quickly.  Traditional Li batteries are still lagging in this department. Kent Griffiths is one of the researches who publish a finding on “Niobium tungsten oxides for high-rate lithium-ion energy storage”. (source: https://physicsworld.com ) Researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK  have shown that two complex niobium tungsten oxides can intercalate large amounts of lithium even when the oxides are microns in size. The new work will be necessary for developing systems that require high power delivery and fast charging ( think of a mobile phone that could be fully charged in just minutes ). It could also have implications for solid-state energy storage for example, in electric cars, and grid-scale storage for solar power. It is all about Nano Technology and Tungsten Carbide. The basic concept is that using the conventional Li battery structure, the need for high-speed charging will cause the current structure to overcompensate and explode and this was probably the problem with the Samsung Note issue.  The use of the tungsten niobium compound will allow a more stable environment for high-density storage and high-speed charging. One of the reported niobium tungsten oxides is built from 4 x 5 blocks of (Nb, W)O6 octahedra that are connected along shear planes, he adds. The other, the “bronze-like” phase, is held open by pillars of oxygen that prop open the atomic layers.  Both compounds are easily synthesized and allow lithium ions to quickly move through them in 3D. Their architectures also make them more rigid than other battery materials. “They may be able to safely offer higher densities at high discharge/charge rates and could thus be used in systems requiring high power delivery and/or fast charging, possibly in combination with a lower rate, high-energy-density batteries,” he says. The fact that they can readily be produced without any additional chemicals or solvents is another point in their favour. I have seen research on this technology since 2009.  The critical component is the introduction of tungsten to help alleviate the heat issue. This is where nanoengineering comes into the picture. The researchers at the University of Central Florida created supercapacitors made from nanowires composed of a one-dimensional core (made of highly single-crystalline tungsten trioxide) wrapped with two two-dimensional shells (made of tungsten disulfide) that are separated by a subnanometer gap. The research is reported in the American Chemical Society journal Nano . — www.forbes.com What Does This All Mean? If you have read my earlier article , you would know my thoughts on Tungsten.  Sometimes when you are too close to the picture, it is hard to see the wood from the trees.  I was passionate about the tungsten market, but there was always one issue that I could not understand.  The demand and supply dynamics of tungsten.  The recent pricing seems to indicate that it has come up from the low USD$200+ per MTU.  However, there does not seem to be any catalyst in the market to make it run to the highs of 2011 of USD$450 per MTU. The biggest problem for Tungsten is the view that there is a shit load of Tungsten in China.  The buyers are mostly Chinese, and there are not that many money making tungsten mines in the world. If there are no massive subsidies given or “artificially” given for the survival of the project, I don’t see too many mines coming on stream. If that is true, you would expect a spike in the pricing or a future spike.  The truth is there is no evidence of that happening, why you ask?  I want to know also… 🙂  In fact, there is strong evidence of the reverse. Maybe the catalyst is in all these new uses of Tungsten.  I believe that the specific properties of Tungsten, the high melting point, will be the one that will make the commodity more critical than any other product.  The fact that the metal is dense, durable and has a high melting point will be what is required by the high tech industry. As the marketplace continues to devour things of high efficiency, the speed of work and storage capacity, you will need metals or commodities that can handle all of those.  All the research I am seeing is there is a flow towards technology. The traditional use is still pumping along, except for light bulbs.  So the demand will always be there, and if I am correct, the new technological applications may push tungsten to new highs. It was only a few years ago that I learned of the research of tungsten batteries.  When I Googled for information, there were not that many.  However, times have changed as there are ample research papers on this topic now.  It also appears that the researchers are well advanced. Conclusions My conclusions are of optimism and pondering why this market should not be higher.  I belief that there will be a lot of demand created from the specific properties of tungsten.  The new tech, the new EV requirements will be my optimism. The lithium industry will see some downfall is my long call. My ponderance is what is the real story on supply.  If you believe that China has found a large deposit as reported in 2012, then there is no more need to waste money on deposits anywhere in the world.  We should stop exploring and mining for tungsten.  Why has the price not been deflated?  Is this like how the oil cartel has kept the oil price from falling all those years by delaying supply? I don’t think I can have an answer to that question and only time will tell. What I will reaffirm is my confidence that Tungsten may well be the next flavour of the month…..  When will that happen? That is a good question… 🙂  It is all about the value proposition for investors. Also Check for :-  Solar Energy – Could we alter the Climate? Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. www.samso.com.au If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au . About Samso

Rooster Talk Episode 66 is with Julian Ford, CEO of Riversgold Limited (ASX: RGL). The exploration for lithium is now expanding to all corners of the Australian continent. The obvious places are now covered. The understanding of LCT pegmatites are now a common language. Check out the previous Coffee with Samso with Riversgold At today's Rooster Talk, Julian updates us on the mineralisation at Tambourah and discusses what the results mean for Riversgold and where management is taking the company. There are some great notes on the LCT pegmatite science and the methods that are being employed by Riversgold in their search for discovery. The geological understanding of where more pegmatites can be found now lies in understanding the geological science that produces these geological bodies. Take some time, listen to the episode and use the information as part of your DYOR process. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:56 The announcement. 03:45 The relationship between Lepidolite and Spodumene. 06:18 Lithium Exploration is still early. 07:41 The Lessons from the results. 09:36 What is your Exploration Strategy Now? 11:31 How should Investors look at Riversgold Now? 12:54 Conclusions PODCAST This is a good time to download the first Ebook (FREE) from Samso as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). About Julian Ford Chief Executive Officer Mr Ford has 30+ years experience in the mining industry with global experience including Australia, Africa, South East Asia and South America. Mr Ford has held senior positions within several major resource companies including Alcoa, British Gas, Western Metals Limited. Since 2004, Mr Ford has focused on managing a number of successful start-ups, including transitioning a number of these from concept/exploration to production. Mr Ford holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Natal, a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of South Africa and a Graduate Diploma in Business Management from the University of Western Australia. He has been a member of the AusIMM for 20 years. About Riversgold Limited (ASX: RGL) Riversgold Ltd is an ASX-listed exploration company focused on discovering and developing large lithium systems in the world-renowned Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons of Western Australia. In early 2022, the Company acquired a suite of four lithium-prospective exploration tenement applications covering 164km2 in the Pilbara region. The key Tambourah Project is underexplored and has the potential to host a major lithium-caesium-tantalum system much like the nearby Pilgangoora and Wodgina deposits. Further, the Company has acquired a tenement package of 292km2 prospective for lithium in the Southern Cross-Marvel Loch region of Western Australia as well as securing an option to acquire 80% of tenement E77/2784 immediately to the east of the globally significant Mt Holland lithium project in the same region. The Riversgold portfolio also offers strong exposure to gold and nickel through its large landholding at the Kurnalpi Project in the Yilgarn. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.