The Havieron discovery, made by Greatland Gold Plc in 2018, is now nearing production in a joint venture with Newcrest Mining. Located just 45km from Newcrest’s Telfer mine, the project benefits from using existing infrastructure, significantly reducing costs and environmental impact. The Havieron deposit holds a strong Probable Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource, positioning it as a promising gold and copper mine in Australia. This blog explores the journey behind the discovery, highlighting the challenges, perseverance, and exploration techniques that led to success. Investors interested in exploration success stories and high-potential gold-copper projects will find this a compelling read, offering insight into one of the most exciting discoveries in recent years. Sign up for your membership on Samso Insights on Patreon now to access more exciting investment stories. Three types of membership on Samso Insights Choose one or more: FREE: These insights are free and available to all investors. Subscribe here for free. PAID MEMBERSHIP: If you are a bold investor and want more, you get access to the latest and most reliable information from experienced sources that are completely unbiased starting from US$10/month. Start accessing our exclusive content to help with your investment research. PAID ARTICLES: Trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors. Choose what interests you and unlock your choice of article from US$10. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso

Experienced investors are well-acquainted with our Coffee with Samso and Samso Insights. The new Samso Insights has deeper, thorough research and invaluable perspectives from industry experts, along with Noel Ong's impartial viewpoints that are crucial for investors' analysis. There are three kinds of insights to meet investors' needs Investment has changed in a big way. Samso has created a platform for passionate investors to explore their interests and hear from important companies in different industries that are making a difference. If you struggle as an investor to find a platform that gives you the latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, then the new Samso Insights platform solves this problem by offering independent content that is completely unbiased.  Choose one or more FREE : These insights are free and available to all investors. Subscribe here for free. PAID MEMBERSHIP : Starting from US$10/month, you get access to the latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased. Start accessing these exclusive content to help with your investment research . PAID ARTICLES : Trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors. Each article can be unlocked from US$10. Clarity and confidence in investments Samso Insights on Patreon is a platform that offers exclusive access to industry knowledge and advancements across various business sectors. It provides timely information and updates in one place, giving serious investors a competitive advantage.  Members can immerse themselves in a world of insights that go beyond the ordinary, learning from influential CEOs and thought leaders who are shaping industries.  If you're a dedicated and passionate investor, it's time to embrace a bolder approach and take your investment knowledge, experience, and skills to the next level with Samso Insights as a Member. ------ About Samso Samso  is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here  for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors.  ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer.

The mineral exploration sector on the ASX offers investors the potential for massive returns, fuelled by speculation and optimism. While the post-pandemic surge created a bull market where gains seemed effortless, it’s crucial to remember the cyclical nature of this sector. Before the pandemic, raising funds was a challenge, but the landscape shifted dramatically with a flood of investment following the global economic disruption. Mineral exploration plays a critical role in future-proofing society by sourcing essential commodities like lithium, copper, and rare metals that are vital for electric vehicles and renewable technologies. Investors in this sector are driven by the potential demand for these resources and the scale of discoveries. This blog is ideal for investors seeking to understand the ups and downs of mineral exploration and the long-term value it holds, especially in light of the growing demand for critical minerals. Sign up for your membership on Samso Insights on Patreon now. Three types of membership on Samso Insights Choose one or more: FREE: These insights are free and available to all investors. Subscribe here for free. PAID MEMBERSHIP: If you are a bold investor and want more, you get access to the latest and most reliable information from experienced sources that are completely unbiased starting from US$10/month. Start accessing our exclusive content to help with your investment research. PAID ARTICLES: Trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors. Choose what interests you and unlock your choice of article from US$10. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso

As we move into 2024, gold is regaining prominence after being overshadowed by critical metals like lithium. Currently priced at $2039 USD/oz, gold has risen by 8.70% in the past year. Known for its role as an investment hedge against inflation, gold is influenced by factors such as the US dollar, central banks, economic uncertainty, and global demand. The post-COVID era, marked by economic instability and government monetary easing, has boosted gold prices as investors seek a safe haven. In Australia, a country rich in untapped gold resources, mining companies like Northern Star Resources, Gold Road Resources, and Resolute Mining are benefiting from this resurgence. Gold’s historical ability to shine in times of economic uncertainty presents a unique opportunity for investors, whether in blue-chip gold stocks or smaller cap opportunities. This blog is perfect for investors looking to capitalise on gold’s rising popularity as a reliable hedge and valuable tool in uncertain economic times. Sign up for your membership on Samso Insights on Patreon now. Three types of membership on Samso Insights Choose one or more: FREE: These insights are free and available to all investors. Subscribe here for free. PAID MEMBERSHIP: If you are a bold investor and want more, you get access to the latest and most reliable information from experienced sources that are completely unbiased starting from US$10/month. Start accessing our exclusive content to help with your investment research. PAID ARTICLES: Trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors. Choose what interests you and unlock your choice of article from US$10. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso

Coffee with Samso 192 has Andrew Radonjic talking Rare Earths at the Jupiter project. Venture Minerals Limited (ASX: VMS) is now at the crossroads of emerging as a Rare Earth player in what is a complex and ultimately future-proofing sector. I labeled Venture Minerals as a Targeted Diversified Mineral Explorer in my very first interview with Andrew Radonjic, the Managing Director, way back in October 2020, and this is another prime example of that business approach. The rare earth sector has had a lot of attention in the last 24 months and like all commodities, it is going through turbulent times. Samso has had the greatest privilege to have interviewed many of these stories over time and I see Venture Minerals as an interesting change to the current scene. On the back of the recent announcement by Venture Minerals on the 29th of November 2023, entitled Jupiter Delivers over 7,000 ppm TREO assays from Maiden RC Drill Program, the company has raised additional funding to work on the project. In the current market, this is a strong vote of confidence for the potential of the Jupiter REE project. In this episode, Andrew Radonjic provides us with his perspective on the project and offers valuable insights into the recent drilling results. By considering the project's historical exploration activities, viewers can gain a comprehensive understanding of why Venture Minerals believes in the future potential of this project. Check out the conversation with Andrew Radonjic below: Samso's Conclusion As I have mentioned, we have had a good amount of content that is related to the rare earth sector, and my thoughts, which are consistent with most commentators, is that every REE project is unique. The key is what is at the bottom line of the project. Does it make money when the cookie crumbles? The Jupiter target is a clay-hosted rare earth project. As Andrew mentioned, there has been limited metallurgical research conducted. However, for our purpose of understanding the project, we are now confident in considering it as a standard clay-hosted rare earth system. While it may not be a one-of-a-kind clay-hosted system, what sets it apart is its logistical aspects, as well as the potential grade and tonnage. Another distinguishing factor is the unique social license. Most of the other projects have to navigate private landowners and existing populations. Although it may not be immediately apparent, I believe that in the long run, this will significantly impact the bottom line. This does not imply that other projects will not be profitable. As I assess the industry landscape, I anticipate that the companies that endure in the long term will emerge as the ultimate victors. Fresh investors with more money in the bank to take positions in the rare earth sector, need to do your DYOR as it will go a long way to becoming a long-term player. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:54 What is happening with the Jupiter REE Target? 03:56 Does alkaline intrusion play a part in Jupiter? 06:50 Progress on the drilling at Jupiter. 14:11 What sets VMS apart from the others? 25:17 Comments for existing shareholders. 29:37 Why did the recent new investors buy into the VSM Story? 30:57 News flow 33:34 Conclusion PODCAST About Andrew Radonjic Qualifications: BAppSc (Mining Geology), MSc (Mineral Economics), MAusIMM Mr. Radonjic is a geologist and mineral economist with over 35 years of experience in mining and exploration, with an initial focus on gold and nickel in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. Andrew has fulfilled a variety of senior roles which gave rise to three gold discoveries, totalling in excess of 3 million ounces in resources and resulting in 1.5 million ounces being produced. Since 2006 Andrew has been an executive director with Venture Minerals, which he co-led during the discovery of the Mount Lindsay Tin-Tungsten deposit in North-West Tasmania. He is also a founding co-director of Blackstone Minerals and the non-executive Chairman of Codrus Minerals. About Venture Minerals Limited Venture Minerals Ltd (ASX: VMS) is dedicated to discovering and developing world-class mineral deposits to meet the global demand for critical minerals vital to the green energy transition. Venture Minerals Ltd (ASX: VMS) has made a recent discovery at the Brothers REE Project including the Jupiter Clay Hosted Rare Earths Prospect. The Brothers Project includes the Iron Duke JV which hosts the Jupiter Prospect and is a potentially significant REE clay hosted discovery near Yalgoo in Western Australia. Brothers is well located to significant infrastructure including the port of Geraldton, Iluka’s Eneabba Rare Earths Refinery and Lynas Rare Earths currently operating Mount Weld Concentrator. The Mount Lindsay Tin-Tungsten Project in northwest Tasmania, already one of the world’s largest undeveloped Tin-Tungsten deposits. With the recognition of Tin as a fundamental metal to the battery revolution and Tungsten being a critical mineral, Venture has commenced an Underground Feasibility Study on Mount Lindsay that will leverage off the previously completed open-pit feasibility work, and recently included additional, potential large-scale quantities of tin and boron within the current resource base, and extensively throughout the greater Mount Lindsay skarn system. The tin-borates have not previously been assessed in any mining studies. Borate minerals contain a large amount of Boron, a critical mineral in the solar panel industry. At the neighbouring Riley Iron Ore Mine, the mine is prepared for a quick restart should the market conditions become favourable. In Western Australia, Chalice Mining (ASX: CHN) recently committed to the second stage of the JV which requires a further $2.5 million of expenditure over the next two years to earn a further 19% interest (for a total of 70%) in Venture’s South West Project. At the Company’s Golden Grove North Project, SensOre (ASX: S3N) is farming in whilst Venture retains the REE rights, the earn-in includes drilling of the Vulcan High Grade REE Target. SensOre’s proprietary AI technology has already highlighted lithium and copper exploration potential at Golden Grove North. The Company has a significant Nickel-Copper-PGE landholding at Kulin with two highly prospective 20-kilometre-long Ni-Cu-PGE targets within the Kulin Project, whilst recent exploration has identified clay hosted REE targets. Share to Grow: Your Bonus eBook: How to add value to your Share Portfolio This is a good time to download our Free Ebook as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). The eBook is about lessons on geological models sought by mining companies. It gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative investments. Click here to download this eBook. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Investors in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) are scattering for cover as global markets went on a volatility roller-coaster the last six months. Last week when people thought that the end was near, the Fed decided to raise even more and that brought markets more heartburn. Investors are now well and truly running into the caves to get an early start to next winter's hibernation. Figure 1 below is a daily chart of the Dow since 2015. The 5th of January looks like the last green bar before the market turned south. There was an attempt to reverse the trend middle of August but that failed as well. What will be interesting to see is if the bulls have enough power to resist the bears now. Figure 1:  The daily chart for the Wall Street Cash chart from Ig Markets. As the world continues to go through rate hikes to curb the inflation yardstick, the equity investors are sitting on the sidelines, licking their wounds or just waiting for the green light from the Investing Gods. Investors, long term investors are pretty comfortable as you can see in Figure 1, the Dow has moved in the right direction for a while since January 2022.  The slope of the bearish tone seem to be flattening which may be a good sign. Meanwhile, in Australian Mineral Resource Small Cap Sector... While the big end of town is pondering the ins and outs or global equities, the small end of town has pretty much gone aground. I tell people that we are now in the good old days. The last two years was an anomaly like the whole COVID story. The market (small cap mineral resource) that we are in now is pretty much what it was like for most of my time (over 30 years) in this sector. When you speak to punters today, the main narrative is that the lithium boom is hanging in there and the REE sector is running second. Nobody is paying attention to gold, copper, nickel and even to some degree the "rest" of the periodic table. Exploration Discoveries are still awakening Investors A recent discovery by WA1 Resources Limited (ASX: WA1)  which was announced on the 26th October 2022 was titled " Discovery of Niobium m-REE Mineralised Carbonatite System " and it has thrown the spotlight into the sector. As you can see in Figure 2 below, the market was definitely excited.  As this is always the ultimate test of relevance, it is a relevant discovery. Figure 2:  The share price chart for WA1 Resources Limited (ASX: WA1). (Sourced from www.commsec.com.au ) I met Paul Savich in May 2022 and we discussed his projects and the potential of coming onto Coffee with Samso  to showcase WA1. I have always liked the Arunta Block as this is one of the very few remaining provinces that has not been "fully" explored. We spoke about how the remoteness of the area has stopped historical explorers from being efficient. In fact, if I am not mistaken, the remoteness and the lack of an agreement with the local traditional owners have completely shut this area from previous explorers. It will be interesting to see how this journey goes for Paul and his team at WA1 Resources Limited.  Irrespective of the journey, this shows that although the market is asleep and anxious, a good discovery, a real discovery is welcomed.  A good discovery will always be a better result than a good nearology play or a flavour of the month play. The Lithium and REE Story I don't think there is any need to say that this is a booming sector. In fact, a couple of very well known identities in the industry were heard laughing at how easy it was for companies in this sector to raise money. They joked at how the word lithium was a guarantee of investment wisdom. Investors need to understand that the lithium industry is no different to any other commodity.  You explore , you  find the resource  but it has to be an economical deposit . As Allan Kelly from Miramar Resources Limited (ASX: M2R)  once said in his Coffee with Samso , you need to find an economical deposit . I don't think the investors out there have put value into the potential economical project.  The scarcity of the commodity, lithium, may force the price up higher but you still need to have an economical deposit. The existence of a pegmatite or some rock chip is not the prelude to an economical lithium deposit. This is the same for the the REE hopefuls out there. To get a good understanding of what the REE industry needs to focus on, have a look at the Coffee with Samso with Brett Hazeldon from OD6 Metals Limited (ASX: OD6) .  Brett has given a great conversation about Investing in REE 101 . This is a great time for the REE players to entrench their tory.  It looks like the dynamics is changing with the government finally making noises of supporting the critical metals sector.  The time for the REE players to shine is now and if the geopolitical overtures are correct, the Non-China governments are finally going to support the Non-China REE story. Gold and the Path Forward There may be an argument if there is a value in gold but people need to understand that, like hydrocarbons, gold is not going away anytime soon. The narrative on gold has come and gone and in my thirty year plus years, this has been up and down like a yoyo. Figure 3:  The weekly price chart for Gold. Sourced from www.gold.org . In a very inflationary time and if you take the geopolitical situation, you cannot ignore the long term thematic of gold. The long term nature of gold as shown in Figure 3 may give a clue as to how it has performed over the many decades. I remember in the mid 1990s, gold crashed from a high of  USD425 to less than USD250.  The gold price in AUD has been performing well since 2014 and seems to be tracking well. What is Happening with Gold Equities? In terms of equities, let's have a look at Newcrest Mining Limited (ASX: NCM)  (Figure 4) and Northern Star Resources Limited (ASX: NST)  (Figure 5). The charts have not been kind to these guys as well, hence, reflecting the sentiment of the market. What is not reflected in the share price charts is that they are still making good money. The margins are still good but investors get spooked by the falling share price. Figure 4:  The share price chart for Newcrest Mining Limited (ASX: NCM). (Sourced from www.commsec.com.au ) As Warren Buffet professes, buy the business and not the share price. He has consistently been telling the public, the business just happens to have a share price as well. It is this kind of thinking that drives one to be positive on companies that have a driven business. In our sector, this means that they are either a promising producer to be or an exploration company that holds a great deal of exploration upside. Figure 5:  The share price chart for Northern Star Resources Limited (ASX: NST). (Sourced from www.commsec.com.au ) What Does All This Mean? When you look at the state of the market, there is a lot of fear and uncertainty. Even the lithium stocks had a bearish tone but only until about mid July 2022 when they seemed to all turn up. In general, these stocks are doing well, and the chart you see in Figure 6 is pretty much what you will see in all Lithium companies. Figure 6:  The share price chart for  Pilbara Minerals Limited (ASX: PLS) . (Sourced from www.commsec.com.au ) One major difference in the chart is that the sharpness in the rise of the rebound post mid July is much stronger for Pilbara Mines because they are one of the only two real lithium producers in Australia. If you look at the small companies with good lithium stories, this rebound was flatter. It was still a rise but less prominent. Gold stocks which used to be the darling of the sector is experiencing the reverse. Copper and Nickel, the other main players in this sector are all experiencing the same trend. Does this make sense? Does the market think that the world only needs lithium? Many commentators are saying that the long term view is still positive for the non-lithium stories. The issue is that the wave of Lithium sentiment is bypassing everything else. The fear from the global financial concerns is driving people out of these markets. My Fear The fear I have for this sector is that like all market darlings, there are those that genuinely have a story and there are those that have an uneconomic story. There are numerous stranded projects of all sorts of commodities in the world. The reason they are still stranded is because it is uneconomical then and is still now. No amount of money spent or no amount of rising commodity price will make them economical. These assets are great for those wanting to mine the market. Don't get me wrong, great wealth has been created with these assets. I don't begrudge this process but when they are in the mass amount that is now in the market, I am worried that when the bubble begins to open up, it will create a bearish wave which this sector will need a long time to recover from. Conclusion Most of us who have been around this sector for many decades will say that we have seen it all. I have been telling people that the last two years was not normal. The sharpness of the price rice and the amount of money raised, that was not normal. The EV Revolution and the need for commodities, now that is new but it is a long term proposition. The long term fundamentals are in place and it will manifest itself soon. The downturn of the market was in some way caused by the COVID restrictions in China and the Ukraine war. The inflationary pressures were always going to come so that threw a spanner in the works. Is there a light shining at the end of the tunnel? Yes, definitely. What worries me is the impending demand rush for lithium because there is not going to be enough lithium to go around. The brine lithium story will also have the same issues as capital for those are high. The demand for copper and nickel will most likely bust soon. As I write, the copper price jumped to $3.71 on the 4th November 2022, which is almost the last high in September 2022. It is still a way to the $4.70 mark in April 2022, but it is a jump which sometimes is the trigger which may spark the market. The last words are, use this time to DYOR and look out for something to take a position.  This level will not be around for long. The market commentary seems to be gaining pace towards some recovery in the near future rather than the opposite. Always remember, Do Your Own Research, seek professional advice and don't take Samso as the gospel truth. :-) Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here  for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors.  ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso  is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience

The Olympic Dam Story: An Insight into the Mineral Exploration Genius of WMC Limited A discussion why understanding mineral systems is important to exploration discovery. The Discovery of Olympic Dam is the next Exploration Discovery story. The story is about the search for copper and is one of the longest searches for a commodity. In 1957, Western Mining Corporation Limited (ASX: WMC) initiated a search for Copper which started a sequence of events that led to the discovery of the largest known mineral deposit in 1976. It would take the company another two years before they understood the magnitude of their discovery. Olympic Dam was the third discovery by WMC in 10 years. The significance of the discovery is that it would be another twenty years before the next big deposit, Prominent Hill was to be discovered. Carrapateena which is the next major discovery in that area was only discovered in 2005 on the western edge of Lake Torrens and only 70km southeast of Olympic Dam. WMC was created in 1933 and was taken over by BHP in 2002. In 2009, Olympic Dam had a resource of 9.1BT of resource and it was 4.4 times bigger than the initial resource that WMC had announced. It was worth USD863B. In 2017, it was reported that there was 120MT of Cu eq (equivalent) and it would take 500 years to deplete the resource at that time. The Story of the Olympic Dam was documented in the book "The Olympic Dam Story" by David Upton. I was able to track down David and arranged to meet him to get his view of the discovery and to talk about his book on this episode of Samso Insights. I hope this episode brings out the essence of the hard work and perseverance of the WMC group to search and discover a once-in-a-lifetime deposit such as Olympic Dam. I am a big believer of mineral exploration. My thoughts are that the low hanging fruits of mineral discovery was a couple of decades ago. One of the key points to take from this conversation with David and from the book is that discoveries are made from understanding mineral systems.  These mineral systems make or break the concept of discovery.  In the book, the key aspect of the discovery was that WMC, with their incredible understanding of geoscience looked out for mineral systems that would host copper. The exploration strategy was to look for these systems that would be "cooking" and hence have the best chance of being mineralised.  WMC had a theory that they need to look for a mineral system that had altered basalts.  These altered basalts would be the deciding factor  that brought about discovery. The giants to be found are all undercover or in areas that have been misunderstood or neglected such as Tropicana, Nova-Bollinger, Winu, Havieron, Julimar, and Fosterville, just to name a few. Check out David Upton's website :   https://precompetitive-review.com/ Video Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:36 How it started. 09:21 The journey to look for copper. 12:55 Communicating with shareholders. 15:57 The work culture in Western Mining. 19:35 The search for Mineral Systems. 24:05 Discussion of new technologies and ideas. 27:42 The need for interpretation of data. 30:14 The complexity of the Olympic Dam. 32:52 Political issues of Uranium. 35:06 What drives the exploration? 37:37 The drilling. 39:07 What is David Upton up to these days? 41:04 The vast amount information available. 42:46 Why read the The Olympic Story? 45:51 Summary of the Olympic Dam Story. 49:35 Conclusion Discover more on our Exploration Discovery series. The Discovery of Gruyere. Havieron Gold Copper Discovery Discovery of West Musgraves About David Upton Researcher and writer with a deep knowledge of the resources and energy industries. Geology graduate and author of the well-known mining and exploration history, The Olympic Dam Story. Publisher of Precompetitive-review.com , Australia's only single source of news and analysis on precompetitive geoscience for mineral exploration. Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here  for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors.  ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso  is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience

A legendary journalist in the Australian Minerals Industry, Ross Louthean has been active in this industry since the 1970s and he has seen everything that has come across the ASX, good and bad. This is a special episode of Samso Insights as I try to get the legendary Ross Louthean to share his thoughts on our mineral exploration industry. Our conversation centered on his experiences over the years and how the industry has changed since the early days of "punting" the stocks that is in the everyday lives of small cap investors today. I will be getting Ross back on Samso Insights as he has many more nuggets of wisdom to share and one episode will not do it justice. So look out for more content from Mr. Louthean in the coming future. Dont forget to check out https://www.australiannickelbook.com/  where you can purchase the book on Australia's nickel Adventure. Video Chapters 00:00  Start 00:20  Introduction 01:11  About Ross 02:35  How do you stand out from the crowd? 04:13  Strength of commodities 07:15  Paid journalism 08:55  Any regrets about past stories? 12:21  Golden years in New Zealand? 15:03  Sharing about a processing hub. 18:15  Is it harder to find discoveries now? 19:53  Long term commodities. 20:36  The Lithium and Rare Earths story. 24:25  The Poseidon Story. 27:55  All-in sustaining costs in mines. 29:08  Looking back at Kalgoorlie and other mining towns. 30:21  How do companies stand out from the crowd? 32:05  Words of wisdom to mining companies. 32:54  What should gold miners do to get up on the podium? 34:01 Words from Ross. 35:43  Conclusion About Ross Louthean Journalist Ross Louthean began his media life in the engine room of WA Newspapers in the early 1960s.  He wrote for the West Australian and Daily News, and then joined the Whyalla News and after 18 months became regional journalist for ABC News in Port Pirie. Ross was then transferred to the same position in Kalgoorlie at the start of the nickel boom and two years later joined the Daily News as a business and political writer, then became a freelance writer with a photographer in Kalgoorlie for several publications. He was later lured to Sydney by Max Newton to edit The Australian Miner but with changes in that empire, he returned to Perth to launch the National Miner and later the Register of Australian Mining for Lang Hancock. Later he started Mining Monthly and Lodestone Press. When this business was sold, Ross developed ASX listed Resource Information Unit. When the company was delisted, he left to develop Louthean Media (later Paydirt Media) before becoming a freelance writer working for overseas publications and websites. This journey led to the partnership with Carl Knox-Robinson to develop NZResources.com which ran for several years before the changing political views in New Zealand made it unviable. Louthean writes for friends' websites and remains on the committee of Diggers & Dealers, and co-wrote three books “The Mining Revolution (on diamonds), “Australia’s Nickel Adventure” and “Doug McGay Story - From Paddy Hannan to Genghis Khan” . Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here  for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors.  ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso  is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience

In this episode of Samso’s Exploration Discovery Series, Ian Murray and Justin Osborne of Gold Road Resources (ASX: GOR) recount the journey behind the remarkable discovery of the Gruyere Gold Deposit, now holding nine million ounces of gold. Their story reflects the importance of challenging conventional exploration theories and making critical decisions that led to a significant find in the Yamarna Belt, previously thought to be unmineralised. The conversation dives into the excitement of discovery, the strategic pauses that allowed for thoughtful exploration, and the pivotal joint venture with Goldfields, which propelled the Gruyere project forward. Their insights reveal how successful mineral exploration often involves risk, innovative thinking, and corporate decision-making. This blog is ideal for investors and exploration enthusiasts eager to learn about the decisions and challenges that shape major gold discoveries, showcasing the potential rewards of strategic exploration in untapped regions. Sign up for your membership on Samso Insights on Patreon to read more exciting investment stories. Three types of membership on Samso Insights Choose one or more: FREE: These insights are free and available to all investors. Subscribe here for free. PAID MEMBERSHIP: If you are a bold investor and want more, you get access to the latest and most reliable information from experienced sources that are completely unbiased starting from US$10/month. Start accessing our exclusive content to help with your investment research. PAID ARTICLES: Trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors. Choose what interests you and unlock your choice of article from US$10. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso

Samso's driven purpose The Samso experience has always been about identifying a good story and then sharing that on our platform with uniquely acute insights. As Samso developed, one thing has never changed. The motivation has always been to share our Insights with a purpose to showcase the potential of every story that will allow readers, viewers and listeners to understand and DYOR. As the market gets complicated and investors are running for cover, I felt it would be a good opportunity to share my thoughts on companies that have been largely ignored due to a lack of market love. It's something that I feel will give an extra viewpoint that may be of use to readers :-) The Tale of Two Journeys For those readers who have been following the Coffee with Samso  series, they would know of Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) . I have been covering Aurumin for a while and I am now more optimistic on their story.   We at Samso are not recommending Aurumin as investment (we are not authorised to recommend any financial products) , but rather, we are showcasing them to create awareness in the community. As an exploration geologist and thinking in that kind of space consistently, I  have said it many times in the videos what I like about Aurumin. What I like about Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) The company's latest announcement (Released 31st October 2022)  should give readers good reasons to get some research happening. The basic information is the upgrading of the Two Mile Hill Underground resource to 574koz @ 1.6 g/t Au.  Why is this significant?  Well, when the company took on the project, the Two Mile Hill UG resource was 500,000 ounces at a grade of 1.1 g/t Au. This upgrade is the first step to making the Sandstone project a legitimate mining proposition. When I talk to people about the potential of this acquisition, the consensus was on the ability of Brad Valiukas and his team to show that the Two Mile Hill UG resource could be upgraded. According to Brad, what will be required to make Two Mile work is this: 800oz/vm at 2g/t works well. So long as we can keep the bulk (30m high, 20m wide stopes). We are currently at 1,400 ounces per vertical meter at 1.6g/t, but there is no allowance in that for extraction percentage (pillars). Cut off grade at current gold prices is about 1g/t (plus or minus depending on the mill size), so both the resource and target have some margin. We are close, hence we will      start some internal scoping work. I think there is still upside with the UG. There is room for some extension north and south, and more data could bring the grade up again. As the company manages its exploration activities, one of the main questions is, what are the steps moving forward? What will Aurumin be doing in the coming 12 months? 2Mile Hill is currently still inferred. I really want to see what I can get out of some scoping work before making a call on the next expenditure. The best place to drill it from is UG, probably from in the tonalite and drilling perpendicular to the ore zones and veins, hitting the contacts both east and west. At the moment, drilling from UG is as cost effective as drilling it out from surface, plus we would be UG at the top of the ore body, ready to mine. Some big calls to make. One of the most important aspects of any mining proposition is the combination of grade and resource.  I was curious about this and I asked Brad this question, in regards to the Sandstone/Two Mile Hill project. HIs comments were as follows: On a macro scale, it is mostly about grade. But more is always better. More surface resource gives me space to mine the UG while pits are filling the mill. And, as above, some sweeteners would be good. Aurumin is now all about the Sandstone project. According to the website, the Central Sandstone Project is located 12km south of the township of Sandstone, ~520km northeast of Perth, and located on a sealed highway between the mining towns of Mt Magnet and Leinster in the East Murchison Mineral Field of Western Australia. The Central Sandstone Project comprises granted tenure covering 112km2, including two granted Mining Licenses. The Central Sandstone Project also includes a non-operating 500,000tpa CIL processing plant, all associated infrastructure, operating licenses, permitted tailings storage facility and bore field, and camp facilities located on freehold title within the nearby town of Sandstone. History of the Central Sandstone Project (Source: Aurumin Website) In excess of 1Moz of gold has been produced from surface, open pit and underground operations in the Sandstone area since the 1890s. In addition to historic mining activities, more recent gold production is variously attributed to Herald Resources Limited in the 1990s and Troy Resources Limited (Troy) from 1999 to 2010. Troy extracted and processed a combined total of approximately 4.4Mt open pit of ore at an average grade of 3.6g/t Au for production of 508,000oz gold before the operation was placed on care and maintenance in September 2010. Middle Island Resources (Middle Island) acquired the Project in 2016 and explored the Project up until 2021. In December 2021, Aurumin entered into an agreement to acquire the Central Sandstone Project  from Middle Island for $12 million in cash and shares.  This acquisition came with a complete package of a largely disjointed region of ownership previously. Geology of the Central Sandstone Project Gold mineralisation is hosted within the Sandstone greenstone belt within the Southern Cross Province that forms the central spine of the Archaean Yilgarn Block. The Sandstone greenstone belt forms a classic ‘hourglass’ structure at the northern end of the Diemals Dome, where two major trans-current structures, the Edale and Youanmi faults, respectively confine the eastern and western margins of the belt. Source: Aurumin Limited The Story of Aurumin Aurumin is a low market capitalisation company that has hallmarks of greater things.  As I write, the market cap is around AUD11M.  This is a company with nearly 1M ounces of gold in which over 500K ounces is in the Two Mile Hill deposit. I like the gold industry and it is very rare to find a story like Aurumin. I titled this blog "The Tale of Two Journeys" because I feel that Aurumin has two journeys to complete. The production path is very clear but I think the consolidation of all the exploration upside will make them achieve the miner status much faster. The exploration that Aurumin is doing is not grassroots but to consolidate the known resources. The upgrading of the Two Mile Hill resources will continue to take place. Conversations with Brad on our Samso platform are proof that the management of Aurumin has implemented a plan and has executed it well, at this time. Coffee with Samso: Aspiring High Grade Gold Miner: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Making of a Gold Miner Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - Developing the Gold Mining Story Rooster Talk: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Beginnings of a Gold Producer. Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) - Central Sandstone Resource Update. When Brad and I had the very first conversation in March 2021 (COVID never existed), there were valid reasons to doubt the company strategy. The plans were new and the potential upside were vague and felt a bit far away. It was not that they could not achieve, it was more about time to complete the task at hand. If you have been in this game as long as I have, you will know that acquisition was in the air.  The time to do things in this industry is measured in months, otherwise, your hare price is going to move in the wrong direction, and if that happens, it normally ends in the wrong place. The Solution to the Problem Forward to 2022, the scene is very different. The sentiment for gold may not be as flavourful as Lithium. However, one has to remember that Brad Valiukas comes from big company thinking. Big company thinkers are always looking at expansion and creating economies of scale. The recent upgrade in resources at Two Mile Hill is showing that the numbers will make the league. It's just a matter of drilling and creating more data points. The numbers will improve if the recent drilling program is a precursor of what's to come. The competitive advantage for Aurumin is the potential plus 500K ounces (Two Mile Hill Underground) of near 2g/t dirt and the Mill. Some may say that the Mill is worthless and should be replaced. However, the location of the Central Sandstone Project  makes it strategic to offer a central processing center. If anyone has been in business, location is everything. The figure above will show that a central processing hub is best in the middle. It would make total sense if the central processing Hub has a good resource of gold itself. If you expand the story to include the ounces that may come up from Southern Cross and Johnson Range, you have ounces that cannot be replaced. Here is a good take away -Sandstone is in between the Gidgee and Youanmi region.  A centralised processing center that only really works well for the guy in the middle. The final point is that Brad worked with Northern Star and Focus. Look at how those two companies (different fortunes) grew as a company. Northern Star had Paulsens Gold Mine and that was like a starter project. Do Your Own Research and reach out to management. Aurumin is currently doing a Rights Issue  and this may be a great time to approach the company and get the facts. Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here  for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors.  ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso  is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience

Anna Petts, Program Coordinator - Characterising South Australia's Cover at Geological Survey of South Australia. To many people the Gawler Craton is famous for IOCG deposits (Iron Oxide Copper Gold). The most famous mine, Olympic Dam  started the rush for these giant deposits. When it was announced that there was this monster of a drill intercept, RD10 with 145m at 2.2% copper together with uranium and gold, this news created a rush like the wild west where everyone flocked to the region. Subsequent to the rush, two other famous discoveries were made and they are Prominent Hill  and Carrapateena .  However, it was not until 2001 when Prominent Hill was discovered and in 2005 that Carrapateena was discovered.  All this action was in the eastern region of the Gawler Craton and this region was named the Olympic Metallogenic Belt or the IOCG Belt. Figure 1:   The Olympic Cu-Au Province in the context of the geology of southern Australia. The main lithotectonic units of the Gawler Craton and Curnamona Province are shown and are interpreted from surface observation and geophysical data. The Olympic Cu-Au Province occurs in the eastern Gawler Craton and also indicated is the Central Gawler Gold Province, a gold-dominated metallogenic province formed during the same early Mesoproterozoic tectonic event that formed the Olympic Cu-Au Province. Inset shows the location of the Gawler Craton and Curnamona Province in the context of major Archean and Proterozoic terranes of Australia. (Source:  Reid, Anthony. (2019). The Olympic Cu-Au Province, Gawler Craton: A Review of the Lithospheric Architecture, Geodynamic Setting, Alteration Systems, Cover Successions and Prospectivity. Minerals. 9. 371. 10.3390/min9060371. The complexity of the surrounding area is not for the faint hearted as they are still arguing about the origins and formation of Olympic Dam.  Figure 1 gives a high level summary of the Gawler Craton and its different geological events. There is no doubt that there is no simple answer, but what the mineral explorers do know very well, is that their Return On Investment (ROI) here is not high. For this reason, the Gawler remains one of the least explored regions on the Australian continent. Hence, this discussion with Anna Petts is all about the prospectivity of the Gawler and what the Geological Survey of South Australia is doing to help explorers have the edge and the resources to understand and explore the region. Gold Discovery in the Gawler Craton In 1995, there was the discovery of a gold mine in the other half of the Gawler Craton - the more "boring" part which birthed the Challenger Gold Mine. This set up a rush to the area, but, till today, there is still no Challenger replica. To me, this has got to be one of the mysteries of Australian mineral exploration. If you draw a radius of 100km from the Challenger Gold Mine, there is nothing that is better than a prospect to be found (Figure 2). It will be pretty safe to say that the lack of discoveries is probably due to the fact that the last 20 years of exploration has been few and far between due to a lack of exploration funding and the historical low ROI in looking for minerals in the Gawler Craton. Figure 2:  The spatial emptiness of big discoveries within the Gawler Craton. The comparison to a typical mining town like Kalgoorlie, there are too many producing assets to count. (Source: Taiton Resource Limited ) Why I like the Gawler Craton My first introduction to the Gawler Craton was way back in 2019 when I looked over the Jumbuck project. Figure 2 was the result of that exercise when I was involved in trying to list a company with the project. I could see that there had not been any serious exploration in the region. The conversation that I had with people was that it is hard to make discoveries. The geophysics were not picking anything up. There was not enough data out publicly that companies could use to make discoveries. The lack of success was biting into exploration funding. Imagine a province like the Gawler Craton that still hides major discoveries. Look at the statistical probability of not finding another Challenger. This has to be a great place for the average mineral explorer who has the courage to test their exploration skills. Looking at the western province of the Gawler, the western part of the Stuart Highway, there are no producing mines currently. There are three deposits (Challenger is closed) that exist and two are currently being drilled out to see if they make the cut to become producing gold mines. In one conversation, I was told that while drilling for iron ore, they came across a Gossan.  This shows the variability of the area. It was only two to three years ago that the south-western part of the Gawler was identified as a new nickel sulphide area. Samso's Conclusion So what do I make out of this conversation with Anna? What I got out of it is that there is now a flow of data that is being made public for explorers. The understanding of the Gawler is going to take a magnitude step forward in the near future, if not already. The testing of theories is now being played out with companies such as: Indiana Resources Limited (ASX: IDA) , Cobra Resources Limited PLC , Investigator Resources Limited (ASX: IVR) , Petratherm Limited (ASX: PTR) , Barton Gold Holdings Limited (ASX: BGD) , Marmota Limited (ASX: MEU) Taiton Resources Limited (ASX: T88) The company that I am involved with is testing the concept that there is an unloved and unrecognised mineral system in between the Olympic Dam Belt and the Gawler Craton gold province (See Figure 3). The concept of a theory like this can be easily considered to be shooting with a long bow, but the recent announcement has made good evidence that there could be some truth to the madness. Figure 3:  The region that Taiton Resources Limited is testing its theory that there is a mineral system in the region (Red) which is now proven to be tapping the same source as the Olympic IOCG Belt (Green). The zircon test has come back with age of 1597.8 Ma, which is atypical of Olympic Dam. (Source: Taiton Resources Limited ) . The concept is that the red region (Figure 3) has been misinterpreted in the past and there lies a mineral system that may be fertile and endowed with mineralisation. This is the postulation and as mineral explorers, we are supposed to be testing the boundaries of belief. The role of the explorer is to come up with the ideas and the concept, and of finding minerals where others have missed. The role of the Geological Survey is to provide the tools and the solutions to aid discovery. After speaking with Anna, I feel that the Geological Survey is contributing a lot at the moment. The theory for  Taiton Resources  came about due to the data release in around 2020. The idea was born and the money was raised to test the theory. As a director of the company and as the person who spoke to the vendor of the Highway project , David McSkimming, I will say that the theory for Highway is the best I have heard. I like the idea that there is a different thinking to understanding the mineral system in this region. What the company has done to date has proven that this theory is still valid. Not only have we proven that our original story is valid, but we also think that we could be on the edge of two tectonic events and that would mean we are sitting on the margin of a major structural feature. We all know that major structural features are the blessings for an exploration project. None of what I had described would have been possible without the work generated by the Geological Survey of South Australia . Anna has clearly described what the Survey is doing and what datasets are now available. The new datasets will allow future explorers to take on what is potentially the last mineral province that has not been searched with intent for the last twenty years. Video Chapters 00:00  Start 00:20  Introduction 01:51  About Anna Petts 02:24  Disclaimer 03:04  The potential at Gawler Craton 06:07  The cover at Gawler Craton 10:39  Uncovering the lack of recent significant exploration stories 16:52  The exploration government initiatives 20:05  Potential mining hotspots 25:17  Understanding the overall complex of the big discoveries 29:01  Prospectively at Gawler Craton 32:31  All about the Ultrafine+ project 44:39  Potential mining location worth looking at 46:10  Conclusion Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here  for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors.  ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso  is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research.ure. Coffee with Samso Experience

Embark on an odyssey into the world of Clay Rare Earths, a captivating journey through uncharted mineral potential. In today's Samso Insights, we had the privilege of engaging with Dr. Diana Zivak, a distinguished Senior Geologist from the Geological Survey of South Australia . Dr. Zivak skillfully shares a wealth of knowledge that goes beyond traditional boundaries. Her articulate discourse invites viewers and listeners on a captivating journey as we explore information that resonates with the public. Dr. Zivak, an esteemed expert contracted by the Geological Survey of South Australia, has provided valuable insights into the Clay Rare Earths journey. Her observations have shed light on the remarkable qualities and limitless possibilities of this geological phenomenon. For followers of the Samso story, the hopeful excitement about the geological potential of South Australia is widely recognised. This episode of Samso Insights is an absolute treat for those who are into exploration and innovation. Explore the fascinating world of the Clay Rare Earths Story, where Chemistry and Geology intertwine to reveal new possibilities for progress and prosperity. Dr. Diana Zivak's groundbreaking work has revolutionised our knowledge of geological wealth, sparking curiosity among those who are uncovering the untapped potential of South Australia. Samso's Conclusion The Clay Rare Earth sector is an ongoing learning experience, with few claiming to have complete knowledge. Currently, the market serves as the ultimate judge of this sector's dynamics. Rising stock prices are seen as a sign of success, while falling share prices are viewed as unfavourable. The current knowledge is based on a measurement that may not be the most authoritative. According to Dr. Diana Zivak, the industry is uncovering numerous Clay Rare Earth projects, each with its own characteristics. These projects are not identical, resulting in different enrichment processes for each deposit. The complex terrain adds complexity to the search for the best project formula. West Cobar Metals, through its Salazar deposit, has identified Gallium, which could potentially be a precursor to other valuable by-products in the Salazar project. GALLIUM IDENTIFIED AT NEWMONT REE DEPOSIT In my opinion, it is important to have faith and perspective when considering the long-term outlook for the REE market. I believe that maintaining a positive outlook for all commodities is crucial, especially considering the ongoing efforts towards decarbonisation. During our conversation, Dr. Diana Zivak and I explored the vast possibilities that exist in South Australia. This discussion is of great importance considering the limited amount of focused mineral exploration in this area. Despite valid historical factors, the potential for discovery remains untapped. The geological landscape of South Australia still holds many mysteries waiting to be uncovered. As the Geological Survey continues to release data, those who take early action have the opportunity to reap significant benefits. Video Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:48 About Dr. Diana Zivak 06:17 Where is technology today in terms of the analytical part? 09:13 The clay hosted rare earths story 19:19 Is Geomorphology a factor? 25:22 Heavy rare earth metals 31:56 Discussion about the Gawler 42:22 Multi-commodity processing 45:14 Discussion about lithium in South Australia 49:55 Different mineralisation styles 53:02 Closing comments 56:05 Conclusion About Diana Zivak Diana Zivak, an accomplished geologist with a decade of experience in academia and mining, specialises in diverse geological aspects including tectonics, geochronology, geochemistry, and mineral chemistry. Her proficiency extends to various analytical techniques such as laser ablation, ICPMS, and electron microscopy. Presently a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Adelaide, Diana is leading projects on REE enrichment in Queensland's phosphorites and provenance analysis of Murray Basin's mineral sands. She also contributes actively as a councillor for the Geological Society of Australia (GSA) and co-Chief of GSA's Early Career Geoscientist Advisory Panel (ECGAP), reflecting her commitment to empowering emerging geoscientists. Diana's ethos revolves around embracing complex geological challenges with fervour and resolute determination. About Geological Survey of South Australia The   Geological Survey of South Australia (GSSA)   collect, manage and deliver information and knowledge of South Australia’s geology, particularly for its mineral resources prospectivity. Please click   here   to find out more about the Geological Survey of South Australia. Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here  for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors.  ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso  is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience