Coffee with Samso Episode 168 with Brad Underwood, Executive Chair and Managing Director of Galileo Mining Limited (ASX: GAL) is about the year of Callisto. The discovery of the Callisto PGE system in Norseman, Western Australia has all but sealed the future paths of the company. Galileo Mining is now at the resource building stage and Brad is calling 2023 the Year of Callisto. This episode is all about where Callisto is headed in the near future. Watch the interview: Coffee with Samso Episode 168 The Galileo story has always been about finding resources. It is a rare company in the small cap mineral resource companies sector that is focused on finding a resource that is meaningful. As we know, the amount of work is directly related to what is in the bank account. And Galileo has a lot of funds in their bank account. The reason why Galileo can sustain the continuous mineral exploration activities is due to the fact that the major shareholder is Mark Creasy. Google him and you'll find out soon enough about the caliber of this shareholder. Galileo will continue to drill, and by all accounts from the recent drilling, the grades are looking to be getting better with depth. I have suspected that the early exploration results were indicating some trend towards the east, and it is nice to see that more drilling has shown this to be true. Brad Underwood gives us a great review of the results and what investors should take away from this Coffee with Samso. The Callisto Story is a classic successful mineral exploration story of perseverance, having the faith in the science and a great management team. DYOR is the key here for investors and shareholders. I encourage viewers to reach out to Brad Underwood and get him to explain any questions you may have from today's Coffee with Samso. Get comfortable, and enjoy this episode of Coffee with Samso. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:28 Brad Underwood introduces Galileo Mining Limited. 02:04 Is 2023 All about Callisto? 03:33 Brad narrates the mineralisation at Callisto. 07:41 Is the grade increasing with depth? 09:21 Galileo is All In on Callisto. 11:08 Proving the geological model. 11:52 What is Callisto? 13:41 How much of Callisto is still not understood? 15:41 Galileo is all about finding resources. 17:56 How are recent results adding to the value of Callisto? 20:30 News Flow. 22:17 How should Investors view Galileo Mining Limited now? 24:18 Can Callisto get bigger? 25:34 Why buy Galileo Mining Limited? 26:36 The exciting part of Galileo Mining Limited. 26:59 Conclusion PODCAST About Brad Underwood Executive Chair and Managing Director Brad Underwood is the Chairman and Managing Director of Galileo Mining. Mr. Underwood is a geologist with over 18 years of experience in exploration, prospecting and mining. He has been involved in copper, gold, nickel and cobalt discoveries and the development of numerous prospects over a variety of commodities. Previous conversations with Brad Watch the previous Coffee With Samso conversation with Brad here. Galileo's strategic focus on nickel, copper and cobalt in tier-1 mining jurisdiction. Listen to the Rooster Talk conversation with Brad here. Focusing on the science and techniques of nickel exploration - the easy process and potential issues. Featured on Brilliant-Online Galileo Mining Limited shares Methodical Approach to the Search for Nickel and Palladium About Galileo Mining Limited (ASX:GAL) Galileo Mining is a resources company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) under the code GAL and is exploring for base metals in south-east Western Australia. The company has 100% ownership of its Norseman Project and has Joint Ventures with the Creasy Group over highly prospective tenements in the Fraser Range. The Norseman Project is located adjacent to the regional town of Norseman in an infrastructure-rich area of Western Australia. A bitumen highway runs parallel to the project area and is less than 10km from the Company’s current JORC cobalt-nickel resources. The Norseman Project includes numerous areas with potential for further cobalt discoveries as well as additional nickel and copper prospects. The Fraser Range Project covers two zones of the extensive Fraser Range geological belt. The Fraser Range is known for the world-class Nova nickel-copper-cobalt mine discovered by Sirius Resources in 2012. Galileo’s northern Fraser Range tenement is 80km from the operating Nova mine while the southern tenements are just 30km from the mine. Galileo is targeting Nova style nickel-copper-cobalt mineralisation in the Fraser Range and has a deep level of experience in the region. The company was originally privately owned by renowned prospector Mr. Mark Creasy, and Galileo Managing Director Mr. Brad Underwood spent eight years as General Manager of the Creasy Group’s exploration at the Fraser Range and Norseman. Galileo Mining listed on the ASX in May 2018, raising $15 million in IPO funding. Mr. Creasy continues to be the largest shareholder, controlling approximately 31 percent of the company. ASX-listed miner Independence Group (ASX: IGO) and Mineral Resources’ founder Chris Ellison are included within the Company’s top five largest shareholders. Galileo Key Milestones 2003 – Registered as a private company wholly owned by Mark Creasy 2004 – Acquired the Norseman project 2006 – Initial drilling conducted at Norseman 2017 – Maiden JORC Resource completed at Norseman 2018 – Acquired interest in the Fraser Range project 2018 – Launched on the ASX as a public company 2020 – Nickel Sulphides confirmed at Fraser Range project Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Download eBook VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide) Deposits Explained In simple terms, Volcanic-associated Massive Sulphide (VMS) deposits are caused by underground metal-rich volcanoes rising and creating a cooking environment. I suggest you download this eBook which explains the VMS and How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. Share to Grow If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google. Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Samso Insights Episode 110 This article examines the changing state of media distribution for ASX resource companies. Popularity Contest Resistance to social media The Near Future - Web3 Always consult the legalities New Kids on the Block - Energy and Gold Successful companies on social media Share your narrative What's the focus? Like it or not, the digital world has exploded. What are you doing to gain attention to your ASX announcements or news that require engagement from your intended shareholders? Popularity Contest Which website do you think is the most popular today, worldwide? If you guessed Google like I did, we were both wrong. As of December 2021, Google lost its crown to TikTok. With video taking over as the communication medium of choice, the Metaverse updates and the first murmurings of Web3; failure to evolve alongside these tech advances and global social communication trends will leave your company at a standstill. It's hard to fathom now, but it wasn't that long ago that the personal computer was thought to be a niche product for a handful of homes. Put simply, there was no faith, at least initially. New methods that disrupt the status quo have a habit of fostering skepticism and distrust. To remain competitive, it's vital to keep up with global trends and innovations, despite the naysayers. What can your company do to catch the new breeds of investors' eye? This is your opportunity to get in and shape your company's online presence. Resistance to social media Not tackling your social media barriers head on only makes incorporating it later more difficult. Social media is synonymous with consumers, and consumers are investors. With the societal changes experienced globally over the last few years, toeing the line is not enough for investors. Investors/Consumers demand more from businesses today more than ever before and want to be informed, not placated, about your company's choices and its resultant outcomes. The Near Future - Web3 Web3 is about taking back the power that the large, centralised tech companies have held court over for the last fifteen years. It's the ability to be able to own the content that your company creates and maintain your privacy, unlike Web3. When we think of Web3 what comes to mind right now is cryptocurrencies, blockchain and the metaverse. Below is an example of a forward thinking mining company from the US and their foray into the Metaverse. Let's move into the world of marketing, the Metaverse and mining. Silver Bullet Mining is the first mining company globally to use the metaverse as a brand awareness tool by creating three immersive Silver Bullet ‘worlds’. The 'worlds' mimic SBMI's real life sites and reflect the changes as the mine sites move through the lifecycle sequences. The virtual worlds can be accessed via the use of the virtual reality headset, the Oculus device. “We are always looking for ways to enrich our communications with the shareholders,” said A. John Carter, SBMI’s CEO. “Being first in the metaverse allows us to engage differently with a larger demographic.” (Source here.) Silver Bullet Mining’s three worlds via Oculus can be found here: World 1 World 2 World 3 These three immersive worlds were set for release during the Mining Show, aka the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada conference in March this year, but were rescheduled to June 2022 instead. Silver Bullet Mining decided to release them earlier than wait for the June date. As their mining projects progress, the three immersive meta worlds will update accordingly, giving viewers a unique and unprecedented perspective on minesite operations. The quote above from Silver Bullet's CEO A.John Carter sums up this article perfectly. The world today is all about existing and making an impression online and attracting new stakeholders, preferably through video and it's only just getting started. If you want to keep up with the Silver Bullets of the world then keep reading. Making your foray into the digital media world requires some forethought and planning ahead. Companies that are vocal and transparent about their practices and are aligned with today’s ESG culture and are the ones that potential employees or investors are going to want to interact with, that stand out in their minds. Social media platforms are the modern way of engaging with the public at large providing a two way communication channel that doesn’t just speak at you, but provides opportunities to communicate that were once unheard of. (Source here.) Always consult the legalities Always consult ASIC and in the US, the SEC guidelines when making decisions on what information your business is comfortable sharing online. Protecting your company's proprietary information is paramount when it comes to social media, particularly if you have in-house staff with access to social media accounts and who are privy to sensitive information. Pay close attention to what is being posted in your company's name and vet all intended communications. New Kids on the Block - Energy and Gold New Australian sustainable energy companies such as Line Hydrogen have established profile accounts on Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. Powershop *DC have multiple business media accounts visibly displayed on their websites. Gold companies such as Aurum Resources have profile accounts with YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter; Austral Resources have Instagram, Facebook and Twitter and Bryah Resources (a manganese/copper and gold explorer) use Twitter, LinkedIn, Youtube and Facebook. This illustrates the point that to be a competitor in today's world, your company requires a social media presence and in particular, a presence on video. The aforementioned resource companies are using platforms that all host video. Video is the medium of the decade when it comes to all things marketing and communications, and it's only going to accelerate as time passes. Successful companies on social media So who got it right? The companies that have been successful in garnering a following on social media are those that have taken the time and effort to understand the social media landscapes in conjunction with their investor relations. FMG Rio Tinto World Gold Council Caterpillar Anglo American Newmont Mining Thiess Mining If you ignore the mental image that is conjured up when you think ‘social media’ and instead think of it as an extension of your company’s communication effort, it instantly becomes relatable to your business. Lagging on your business’s digital media strategy will emerge as a non-traditional threat the longer it is left wanting. Digital media is already taking the next leap into the baseline world of the Metaverse with advertising billboards, so if digital media is missing from your communications arsenal today, than it will be much harder to catch up when Web3 becomes a mainstay and it will be more than the Metaverse and cryptocurrencies. Share your narrative Digital media is any organisation's ultimate opportunity to create and control their narrative. Companies would be wise to bring their positive ESG outcomes and their CSR business models to the public’s attention. Companies that of their own volition have imposed the Good Neighbour Agreements that are legally binding should be highlighting these aspects of their business. Not to brag, but to educate, as part of many people’s opinions are only shaped by negative information, decades old misinformation and gossip and know little about how this industry has its positive and proactive members. Performing corporate responsibility and corporate volunteering is information that can be posted front and centre by using your social media accounts. Anytime you can control your image and put out the positive aspects should be taken up on and considered essential public relations. Who are the mining companies that stand out the most? Those who are leaders and those who implement their branding strategies the best and thus, are the most visible. What's the focus? 1. Share liquidity, Brand Awareness and Reputation Management A core goal is to get eyes on your business for the right reasons. Potential shareholders need to know you exist, why you exist and that your operation is sound. Creating a website and leaving it at that is the equivalent of phoning it in and still expecting outstanding results. Twitter and LinkedIn are the standard platforms resources industries use but with video taking over you need to expand your horizons and quickly. LinkedIn is a slow moving platform where changes made to a profile can take up to two hours to take effect, not exactly ideal for all your business news and for people getting their eyes on it. Creating relationships with stakeholders and potential and current investors should be your main goal. 2. Recruiting As your business grows you will want to attract the best talent out there. Getting in front of new graduates where they hang out online is only going to work in your favour. 3. Social innovation Highlight your company's work in social innovation. Showcasing your company's progress and adaptation in implementing digital and sustainable practices to save on inefficiencies is vital to staying competitive. 4. Beat the fake news Corporate social media is the place to celebrate and educate your company's wins and it’s also the place where you can correct misnomers and misinformation and provide discrete and accurate information updates should a crisis occur. Facebook has been the biggest source of news for many social media users which, as we know now, is by no means always accurate. By being proactive in the correction and the monitoring of misinformation, historical fake news or hearsay, it is essential to combat these aspects from proliferating. For many people the immediate association mining brings up is = bad and greedy. Bad for everyone and only good for the faceless and nameless executives in control. It's become a dehumanized industry. Much can be done to present a different perspective and educate those who think they are already informed. 5. Reputation management - Focal points Common areas of misinformation that can be clarified are historical misinformation, environmental concerns, First Nations peoples displacement, location damage, contamination fears etc. Many would still consider our society to be very selfish, but there has been a shift particularly over the last five years from individuals to businesses taking responsibility, accountability, and redress to correct past wrongs. Community relationships matter more than ever and the mining industry should take note. The University of Queensland recently concluded a study that found protests can cost a business approx. $20 million dollars a week in suspended production. A digital strategy can help mitigate this risk and save your business money. 6. It’s all in the way that you use it How the information is presented, the use of jargon or lack thereof also makes a big difference. Relaying of information and using plain language is imperative to ensure the right message is being disseminated through media channels. Otherwise, it can go against what you are trying to achieve. Assumptions made about the industry and those that work at every level of it, are another way to dispel the misnomers. Bringing a human element to the staff from grassroots level to the C Suite, can reduce the faceless, heartless corporate executive image people often conjure up. By being proactive with digital media and presenting your business on video, performs one key function: it puts a face to a name and it provides the essential connection that is missing from the faceless and uncaring mining company stereotype. 7. Video Du Jour You can achieve this by speaking with industry experts like Samso and getting your essential business messages across through the medium of du jour, video. Video imagery delivers your message across to audiences faster than words could ever convey on a screen or on paper. The world of social media is an exciting world in itself, and you have choices. All you need to do is take that first step. And the time to start is NOW. Getting Started You are aware of the tools available to your business, but where do you start? Before you get stuck into this section, consider how your business has adapted your existing investor outreach methods to the 'new normal' hybrid working conditions? Convert and conquer COVID took the nascent working from home trend and kicked it into becoming commonplace. This means converting your previous physical investor outreach methods into flexible, hybrid workplace friendly ones. Our pre-covid lifestyle hasn't returned yet and it may not ever be the same. COVID causes multiple interruptions and delays with workplace absences, service interruptions which can be mitigated by using today's tech app staples like Zoom/MSTeams and Google Workplace. You can reorient your former investor outreach activities and create appointments with serious investors, virtually. It also saves on expenses, time and no travel delays or disruptions. Ask Me Anything AMA webinars are a great addition to outreach activities. By organising, recording and uploading company investment information webinars onto platforms like YouTube, serves multiple purposes. It serves to keep authoritative company information in the public domain, It's in the fastest growing media format, video and is available to anyone globally, who wishes to view/listen to the recording for however long you wish for it to be available. Communications Audit After converting your investor presentations into hybrid workplace friendly formats, your next task is to audit your company's current communications materials and outlets. any existing online social media accounts company website, company website blog any email communications that are regularly disseminated annual reports Keep an eye out Scan your website for: outdated information, holiday closures dates *you would be surprised!* broken links, imagery, ex staff profiles and organise for their removal or update. Once a thorough audit has been conducted and the changes noted down, you can engage another person(s) to assist in removing the unwanted information. Social media accounts audit Conduct an audit on who your company's account follows and who follows back. This might seem inconsequential, but who your company's profile engages with forms part of your online reputation. It can affect your company's credibility both positively and negatively. It can effectively be an endorsement of the person or business, so be mindful of the optics. Audit past posts if you have existing social media profiles so an awareness of what has been posted in the past can form an online company history dossier for future reference. Consider the platforms, if any, your business is utilising: How do these platforms fit in with business goals? How effective have they been thus far? Do the platforms suit the content that is being distributed on them? Not all platforms suit all content. Ask these questions; How often are these materials accessed/requested? Do they need updating? It's a good idea to keep previous iterations of all published materials for reference. What are their primary goals for existing? Once you have ascertained the materials raison d'etre the next stage is asking the question, what does the business want to achieve by using social media? Is it brand awareness? Relationship building? Increased reach into new audiences? Market research? Increased SEO rankings? This list is not exhaustive. Your business may have a singular objective or it could use a combination of all of the above. Once you have decided upon the objective(s) you can move ahead to planning your content and using the platforms best suited to the content you wish to convey. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Samso Insights Episode 109 Content Part 1 – Trending Renewable Energy Part 2 – The Product Part 3 – Pricing; Cost Factors and Boundaries Part 4 – Technology Part 5 – Australian Politics Part 6 – Is it a Green Gold Rush? Last year, we shared about how Green Hydrogen is set to change the world and gave an overview of the subject. Today, we deep dive into whether Green Hydrogen will be the next gold rush. Part 1 – Trending Renewable Energy You might have heard the buzz around renewable energy source - green hydrogen. I often saw news articles about it but would never read them. I knew next to nothing about it. Until recently. Another topic that I’ve ignored was investing. I assumed only wealthy corporate suits were involved in investing, not marketing students. Today I decided to challenge my preconceived notions and learn about green hydrogen. I quickly concluded that green hydrogen is a future resource that everyone should know more about, not just investors. If I were to start investing today, this is one option I would investigate. But that’s just me, and maybe it will be you too. So allow me to introduce you to green hydrogen. Part 1.1 - Hydrogen 101 The What? Green hydrogen is the carbon free renewable energy source that has gained popularity in recent years as a potential fossil fuel replacement. In a bid to halt the environment’s rising temperature, which can cause untold disaster, the only way to do so is with a carbon free energy source. Renewable energy is part of the green energy process to be truly emission free. It's being touted as the holy grail of carbon free energy for the globe and for good reason. Germany and countries in Asia have been very keen and busy investing in its research and development. Hydrogen Cheat Sheet Hydrogen has several colour gradations. Below is a quick rundown on the hydrogen grades that matter. Grey hydrogen is what 95 percent of the world uses with no emission capturing to offset the negative effects of its use. Blue hydrogen is a modicum better with a small attempt to capture emissions, but this process uses more energy to do so. Brown hydrogen is created with brown coal through gasification. These emissions are released into the air, but if they are stored, they can be referred to as blue hydrogen. Green hydrogen is created with renewable energy sources. This means its emission free and the by-product of burning green hydrogen is water. These variations on hydrogen are important as you will see as we continue. Part 1.2 - Renewable Fuelled Future The Why? Back in 1992 the Earth Summit that was held in Rio de Janeiro had developed countries agree that an attempt at halting the greenhouse effect was imperative. Those countries vowed to get the CO2 emissions down to match 1990 numbers. That was far from the end of it though. For the next 19 years, a debate raged back and forth on whether climate change was indeed real despite the science. Fast forward to the Paris Agreement of 2015, the international treaty was signed by 196 countries in the agreed bid to reduce global temperature by 1.5C. But some countries weren't willing to sign on with a definite commitment. Australia was one of those that did not sign on. (The Paris Agreement , 2016) Since the Paris Agreement, the fight to end climate change has really picked up the pace. Swedish teen activist Greta Thunberg furthered the climate change cause like no other before her. Generation Z and millennials rallied around her, supporting their shared belief in climate change and they spread their gospel online via Twitter. Which brings us to today. Naysayers still exist out there who don’t think climate change is real. There are also those that think green hydrogen is not a viable solution for ending climate change. The Who? So, to be clear, Australia is positively engaged with creating renewable energy sources. It's just not at the rates of our overseas friends. It was time for me to read some of those articles I have been ignoring for months and years. Well not all of them, but I read all I could from the September and October 2021 news articles and industry information on how green hydrogen is created. I read about what barriers green hydrogen faces and investigated why Australia is dragging its heels to sign on to the Paris Agreement. I wanted to know everything that a potential investor wants to know. Or anyone who is spending their money would need to know. These are the essentials: is this sector real, are the projects real, is the business real? Having this information gives investors confidence in an industry, particularly a nascent one. What's the scoop? I found out that green hydrogen is at the top of global agendas. Governments and company interests lie in green energy project actioning and investing for good reason. Green hydrogen is being promised to deliver the following: Efficiency Emission free energy Support energy systems Supply stability What I wanted to know now is, if a green hydrogen future is possible, what will it entail? Part 1.3 - Overseas Developments Global green hydrogen news Germany Clearly in the driver’s seat of green hydrogen innovation, recently invested 8 billion Euros in 62 EU backed hydrogen projects (Meza, 2021) France Companies Total and Engie have teamed up to create the biggest site in France to produce green hydrogen from renewable electricity. (Total and Engie Partner to Develop France's largest site for the production of green hydrogen from 100% renewable electricity, 2021) USA Sitting President Biden has committed the US to achieve 50-52 percent greenhouse gas reduction by 2025. The news was delivered during the Leaders’ Summit on Climate that President Biden held between April 22 - 23, 2021. (FACT SHEET: President Biden Sets 2030 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Reduction Target Aimed at Creating Good-Paying Union Jobs and Securing U.S. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies , 2021) Canada Canada's second top retirement fund is the first to say no more to oil assets and yes to green hydrogen. (Keidan, 2021) Japan x Australia Japan’s biggest hydrogen supplier Iwatani Corp plus 5 other parties are in feasibility talks to create green liquid supply chain between Japan and Australia. It has the potential to create up to 100 tonnes per day by approximately 2026. (Obayashi, 2021) Mongolia German researchers are interested in the south Gobi region of Mongolia for green hydrogen plant location due to the ideal topographical features. (Matalucci, 2021) Mauritania A 10GW green hydrogen project could be utilising Africa’s first offshore wind farm. (Collins, New 10GW Green Hydrogen Project in Mauritania could include Africa's first offshore wind farm, 2021) China China’s president Xi Jinping announced that from now China won’t be building any more new coal fuelled energy projects. Their banks followed suit and shortly after also stated that there will be zero funding for coal powered projects outside of China effective from the last quarter of 2021. (Sun, 2021) China has committed to net-zero emissions by 2060. (Tan, Thurbon, Mathews, & Young-Kim, 2020) China’s Hydrogen Alliance has a goal for Beijing to install 100GW of green hydrogen by 2030. (Collins, 'China should install 100GW of Green Hydrogen by 2030 says Beijing Supervised Body, 2021) Green hydrogen’s online presence as a topic of discussion and as a commercial proposition clearly show the worldwide commitment to climate change. The EU, in particular Germany, and Asian countries are taking to renewable energy sources like the proverbial duck to water. What about us? Australia’s first green hydrogen ASX listed company, Province Resources Limited, Managing Director, Mr David Frances, is in the process of leading the green resources charge in Australia. Province Resources has the second largest Green Hydrogen project in the country located in Carnarvon, Perth, Western Australia. Mr. Frances commented that Australia has the chance to play a focal role in green hydrogen exploratory phases. This would be beneficial after our horror years of bushfires and flooding. Green hydrogen is a true challenge that will create critical changes for the Earth, humanity, and the history of renewable energy production. Even though the Australian federal government is slow to adopt green hydrogen officially, there are other Australians creating organisations for its support. Analyses into our climate change policies have revealed that they are underdeveloped. This has instead supported the continued investment into fossil fuels. (Lowe, 2021) Call for Support ‘Twiggy’ Forrest has launched a green hydrogen organisation called GH2 to encourage and motivate carbon emission reduction. Its mission is to have one quarter of the world using green hydrogen by 2050. GH2 will be chaired by Malcolm Turnbull and the goal is to bring government and developing organisations together to ramp up support for green hydrogen. We now will move on to the product specs in Part Two. Part 2 – The Product 6 Current Key Aspects of Green Hydrogen 1. It’s not ‘new’ tech You could be forgiven for thinking that this is all brand-new technology, but electrolysis, the process of splitting water bonds into hydrogen and oxygen, is 100 years old. Getting green hydrogen technology to a place of widespread adoption is new. 2. It’s not a one and done job/transition phase If humans never worked out how to burn carbon, we would not be where we are today. Carbon has played an essential part of human development, there is no doubt. But green hydrogen won’t be able to replace fossil fuels overnight but preferably within the deadlines given of 10 – 30 years. (Jovan & Dolanc, 2020) Globally we use a mix of grey, brown, blue, renewable energy and nuclear energy sources. 3. It's weight conscious It is a light product. For storage and transportation, it's either kept at a temperature of – 253°C liquefied or compressed at a high temperature. (Huang, 2019) 4. Transportation The factors that will influence transportation are dependent on the distance the product is travelling domestically or in export. Different products require different methods for their travel. 5. We can’t use it now, but we can in the future Will we be able to repurpose existing infrastructure for green? Yes. Certain infrastructure can be retrofitted and repurposed, such as the existing pipelines for green hydrogen. Green hydrogen is cheaper to be distributed via pipelines rather than cables. Pipeline conversion requires this checklist: Conditions of the pipeline - is it fit for purpose? Cleaning Quality assurance Hydrogen compression Valve integrity and seals Measuring equipment for chromatograph Operational software Pipeline alternative conduits: Marine terminals Shipping Truck loading Railway in gaseous hydrogen carriers or specialised containers Liquid organic hydrogen carriers Liquefied hydrogen Pressurised hydrogen Synthetic gas Ammonia Methanol (ENTSOG, 2020) The modification of existing pipelines not only saves on infrastructure production but will also keep prices lower than expected. There is some concern about metal deterioration in the pipelines if reused. This is in respect to material integrity, unusual interior pressure changes and simultaneously being in the presence of atomic hydrogen. The likelihood of pipelines being subjected to this highly specific triad of concerns is very low. (Findlay, 2020) 6. Storage Storing green hydrogen in the EU consists of three options: Salt caverns Depleted fields Aquifers In Australia storage of green hydrogen as a solid is looking to be the ideal method. Storage as a solid provides these three benefits: Decreased costs Safety Easier processing for overseas While we wait for green hydrogen will we compromise with blue and brown instead? Australia and the US use and proffer blue hydrogen as a ‘cleaner’ alternative to grey hydrogen. It’s promoted by our government and the gas industry as an ideal way to integrate the transition. Blue hydrogen is used for generating electricity and storing energy. However, it also needs extra energy to capture and store the emissions. Approximately 10 – 20 percent of carbon generated can’t be caught and stored. (Giovannini, 2020) Brown hydrogen is particularly bad for carbon emissions. Each time it is produced it creates 10 to 12 tonnes of carbon. This is then released into the atmosphere, along with the emissions created by the system employed. The reality is that blue hydrogen will probably figure in the integrative process due to the current support of the Australian federal government, politicians, and key corporations. Part 3 – Pricing; Cost Factors and Boundaries Research and development With the zero emission targets, green hydrogen as the renewable energy source is the only option. A functional green hydrogen economy has three important aspects: Production Storage and delivery Consumption – converting to other energy sources (Huang, 2019) Industries such as: aviation long haul transportation steel shipping chemical plants require massive amounts of energy and need to be emission free by 2100. Green and Grey Current prices Green hydrogen costs approximately $3 per kilogram. However, its price has already dropped 40% since 2015 and is expected to continue to fall. (Rais, 2021) Grey hydrogen costs approximately $2.20 per kilogram. (Giovannini, 2020) But it won’t remain so for much longer with market forces indicating a price rise. The EU emissions trading system also charges $20 - $25 EUROS per tonne of CO2 to bring it into their countries. Green hydrogen is the only option to reach zero emissions compared to blue and brown. The global push to end climate change is optimistic and increasing daily. Currently there are 228 large scale green hydrogen projects in operation worldwide. These projects are equal to approximately 300 billion dollars and consist mostly of governments that have officially pledged a commitment to zero emissions. 24 of them are in Oceania. (Magill, 2021) A report by the Hydrogen Council and McKinsey & Company stated that: “75 countries representing over half the world’s GDP have net-zero carbon ambitions and more than 30 have hydrogen-specific strategies.” (Magill, 2021) Part 4 – Technology Technology costs lie in these areas: renewable electricity production research and design of the electrolyser stack which needs to be updated to industrial size standardisation of balance of plant components Renewable Electricity This is the most expensive aspect of green hydrogen production today. For a truly zero free emissions product, renewable electricity is mandatory. Finding the ideal topography is essential as wind and water are essential ingredients in the creation of green hydrogen. Electrolyser Technology The electrolyser stack is where research and development are needed to create green hydrogen in the amounts necessary to reduce costs. The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) is the category of electrolyser that would be used in the synthesis of green hydrogen. Inside the Electrolyser Stack - The stack inside the electrolyser is where the action of splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen occurs. Plant - The balance of plant encompasses the remaining parts of the electrolyser. It consists of: water and power supply water purifier compression hydrogen processing buffering of hydrogen and electricity Both the balance of plant and stack share similar pricing, but the balance of plant has more potential for cost to be decreased. The stack requires scalability from 1MW today to 20MW. For small scale production the stack represents almost 50 percent of the costs, but at larger productions it drops considerably to approximately 30 percent. Another cost-effective aspect to note is to standardise the components used to create the surrounds of the plant as well as the plant design. To summarise, the electrolyser design and components need optimisation to provide the necessary expandability and manufacturing to create green hydrogen. Production efficiencies need further augmenting to reduce the cost of electricity. Electrolyser equipment needs to be resilient and robust to enable costs to be extended in tandem with larger production output. (Bianco & Blanco, 2020) Part 5 – Australian Politics Can’t see the wood for the trees Province Resources are being supported with their project by the WA government for their Carnarvon project. (see Coffee With Samso Episode 93) Together they are creating a framework for green hydrogen to guide the processes and procedures required for their project. By collaborating, they will come up with a comprehensive plan as well as a fiscal regime including royalties. On the other hand, the Australian federal government is of the slow burn mindset. The federal government’s concern is that there will be job losses in mining and agriculture and that is why they are not wholly on board. Along with the federal government there is the fossil fuels lobby and individual politicians that would prefer to go the slow route. ‘If rapid scale-up takes place in the next decade, green hydrogen is expected to start becoming competitive with blue hydrogen by 2030 in a wide range of countries – e.g., those with electricity prices of USD 30/MWh – and in applications.’ (Bianco & Blanco, 2020) Part 6 – Is it a Green Gold Rush? Part 6.1 - Will interest in raising capital for green hydrogen projects die off or remain stable? Some see green hydrogen as being a ‘flavour of the month’ case with no longevity. All the signs are pointing to the interest in renewable energy sources with green hydrogen being the real deal. Currently the level of global support from EU governments, Asia, policy makers, financial institutions, and tech giants etc continues to accelerate. Google Maps, which covers approximately 98 percent of the Earth will now display low carbon emission travelling destinations. This move is predicted to save approximately 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year announced Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai. (Milmo, 2021) Every week there is a plethora of green energy updates from around the world. Part 6.2 - In 15 – 20 years what industries will be likely to use green hydrogen? Which industries would potentially take up green hydrogen first? The schematic diagram above identifies the fields and industries that are likely to adopt green hydrogen when available. Mr. Frances also stated on Coffee With Samso Episode 93 that the following are the series of shifts that would occur with the adoption of green hydrogen. The first shift would be to gas blending - combining a percentage of green hydrogen with a current energy form. Domestic and export of green hydrogen to a country like Japan. Long haul transportation and smaller trucking companies. Then the crucial areas for decarbonisation - creating green steel, aluminium, and cement. Cement production is the single largest producer of carbon emissions. Human side to renewable energy source conversation We are a society that expects immediate gratification, yesterday. We forget that great discoveries take time and what we can’t live without, say the transformation of the mobile phone to the smartphone, has had its teething issues. Obstacles often come before breakthroughs and that is where the R&D and support come in. For now, it appears that we will continue to employ fossil fuels during their phase out for the foreseeable future. Part 6.3 - Conclusion Ultimately, it’s always better to be part of the solution, then continue to be part of the problem. I will be keeping an eye on green hydrogen as it progresses through continued research and exciting developments. I credit it for getting me interested in looking into investing. Investing allows you to be part of the bigger picture for altruistic, purely fiscal reasons or both. I know I will see green hydrogen in use sooner rather than later. The way forward The way forward is going to be a combination of these factors: Continued Research & Development Innovation & Scalability & Standardisation Tech adoption, when will we fully commit as a country? Government support at a local and federal level Collaborations and partnerships of like-minded businesses to successfully solve the challenges of an emission free future. References Bianco, E., & Blanco, H. (2020, November 01). Green Hydrogen: A guide to policy making. Retrieved from irena.org: https://www.irena.org/publications/2020/Nov/Green-hydrogen Collins, L. (2021, September 22). 'China should install 100GW of Green Hydrogen by 2030 says Beijing Supervised Body. Retrieved from rechargenews.com: https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/china-should-install-100gw-of-green-hydrogen-by-2030-says-beijing-supervised-body/2-1-1071599 Collins, L. (2021, September 28). New 10GW Green Hydrogen Project in Mauritania could include Africa's first offshore wind farm. Retrieved from rechargenews.com: https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/new-10gw-green-hydrogen-project-in-mauritania-could-include-africas-first-offshore-wind-farm/2-1-1074316 FACT SHEET: President Biden Sets 2030 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Reduction Target Aimed at Creating Good-Paying Union Jobs and Securing U.S. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies . (2021, April 22). Retrieved from whitehouse.gov: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/ Findlay, C. (2020, September 11). What's your purpose? Reusing gas infrastructure for hydrogen transportation. Retrieved from siemens-energy.com: https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/news/magazine/2020/repurposing-natural-gas-infrastructure-for-hydrogen.html Giovannini, S. (2020, November 13). 50 Shades of (Grey and blue and green) hydrogen. Retrieved from energy-cities.eu: https://energy-cities.eu/50-shades-of-grey-and-blue-and-green-hydrogen/ Huang, Z. (2019, March 19). Hydrogen fuels rockets, but what about daily life? Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/hydrogen-fuels-rockets-but-what-about-power-for-daily-life-were-getting-closer-112958 Jovan, D. J., & Dolanc, G. (2020, December 14). Can Hydrogen Production be Economically Viable Under Current Market Conditions. Retrieved from mdpi.com: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjW8-PXsa3zAhVpIbcAHRz5Cg4QFnoECCEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F1996-1073%2F13%2F24%2F6599%2Fpdf&usg=AOvVaw2OVBPUcL4UfJcf-lJ0OUDA Keidan, M. (2021, September 29). Canada's second largest pension fund says first to exit oil assets. Retrieved from reuters.com: https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/canadas-second-largest-pension-fund-caisse-reveals-new-climate-targets-2021-09-28/ Lowe, I. (2021, October 6). 5 Reasons Why the Morrison Government Needs a Net Zero Target, Not Just A Zero Plan. Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/5-reasons-why-the-morrison-government-needs-a-net-zero-target-not-just-a-flimsy-plan-169015?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Latest%20from%20The%20Conversation%20for%20October%206%202021%20-%202079020518&utm_content=Latest%20from% Magill, J. (2021, February 24). Europe, Asian Nations Leading the World in Hydrogen Development. Retrieved from forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimmagill/2021/02/24/europe-asian-nations-leading-the-world-in-hydrogen-development/?sh=6acc6fb54112 Matalucci, S. (2021, September 28). The Hydrogen Stream: Mongolia's Potential for Producing Green Hydrogen at $3.30kg. Retrieved from pv-magazine.com: . https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/09/28/the-hydrogen-stream-mongolias-potential-for-producing-green-hydrogen-at-3-30-kg/ Meza, E. (2021, May 28). Germany invests 8 billion euros in 62 EU backed hydrogen projects. Retrieved from cleanenergywire.org: . https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/germany-invests-8-billion-euros-62-eu-backed-hydrogen-projects Milmo, D. (2021, October 6). Google Maps to show the lowest carbon route for car journeys. Retrieved from theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/oct/06/google-maps-to-show-the-lowest-carbon-route-for-car-journeys Obayashi, Y. (2021, September 15). Japan, Australia to build Green Hydrogen Supply Chain. Retrieved from maritimeprofessional.com: https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/news/japan-australia-build-green-hydrogen-370613 Rais, A. (2021, March 5). Green Hydrogen is the future . Retrieved from process-worldwide.com: https://www.process-worldwide.com/green-hydrogen-is-the-future-a-1005639/ Sun, Y. (2021, September 28). China Will No Longer Build Overseas Coal Power Plants - What Energy Projects Will It Invest In Instead? Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/china-will-no-longer-build-overseas-coal-power-plants-what-energy-projects-will-it-invest-in-instead-168614 Tan, H., Thurbon, E., Mathews, J., & Young-Kim, S. (2020, October 8). China Just Stunned the World With Its Step-Up on its Climate Action - And the Implications for Australia may be Huge. Retrieved from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/china-just-stunned-the-world-with-its-step-up-on-climate-action-and-the-implications-for-australia-may-be-huge-147268 Total and Engie Partner to Develop France's largest site for the production of green hydrogen from 100% renewable electricity. (2021, January 13). Retrieved from TotalEnergies.com: https://totalenergies.com/media/news/press-releases/total-and-engie-to-develop-france-s-largest-site-of-green-hydrogen Media Partner Brilliant-Online: Our investment articles are also shared across Brilliant-Online magazine. Check out their investment column. Subscribe to Brilliant-Online. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try to write topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. 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Rooster Talk Episode 68 is with Barry Cahill, Managing Director of Cyprium Metals Limited (ASX:CYM) Good news for Cyprium's shareholders! Cyprium Metals Limited shares recent announcement about USD35M Secured Offtake Prepayment Facility for Nifty Copper Project Restart which highlights the prepayment of USD35M - basically the last piece of the puzzle that will hopefully bring about the start of copper plate production. Barry Cahill details the meaning of the announcement and takes viewers through the myriad of steps that will trigger production of copper plates at the Nifty operations. The Cyprium story is now taking shape with this announcement. As a shareholder, I feel that it will just be a matter of time before a re-rating of the company takes place. Cyprium is all about the Oxides and Heap Leaching to extract the copper. There are many commentaries in the market place but they have been focusing on the old mishaps of Nifty. Cyprium has made it simple. Mine the oxides only and worry about the sulphides later. Get yourself comfortable and listen to Barry telling us the journey, good and bad, since we last spoke to him in March 2022. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:09 All About The Secured Offtake Prepayment Facility 03:12 Is the Financing Done? 05:34 What does the Facility mean for Cyprium? 07:29 How should Investors Position with Cyprium Metals? 09:43 Nifty - Positive and Negative. 10:13 The Negative Perception of Nifty. 11:26 Reasons why Australia is not good with Heap Leaching. 11:46 History of Nifty Production. 14:00 The Negativity around Nifty. 14:50 Nifty - The Cyprium Way - All About the Oxides. 20:41 Is the Nifty Oxide Heap Leaching all about Particle Size and Chemistry? 23:15 Any more Regulatory Boxes to Tick Off? 25:04 Has the Tiger been thrown out the Door? 25:32 Underestimated Value of Nifty. 26:57 Timing and News Flow? 28:07 Summary of the Finance Equation. 29:08 Conclusion PODCAST Listen to previous conversations with Cyprium Metals Limited About Barry Cahill Managing Director Mr. Cahill is a mining engineer with over 30 years’ experience in exploration, operational mining and management. In particular, his experience covers management of project development and construction from exploration drilling through project funding, commissioning and development. He was the Managing Director of Finders Resources Limited from 2013 until its takeover in 2018. Mr. Cahill has previously been Executive Director of a number of public companies including Operations Director at Perilya Limited and Managing Director of Australian Mines Limited and Norseman Gold Plc. About Cyprium Metals Limited (ASX:CYM) Cyprium Metals Limited (ASX: CYM) is an ASX listed company with copper projects in Australia. The Company has a highly credentialed management team that is experienced in successfully developing sulphide heap leach copper projects in challenging locations. The Company’s strategy is to acquire, develop and operate mineral resource projects in Australia which are optimised by innovative processing solutions to produce copper metal on-site to maximise value. The Company has projects in the Murchison and Paterson regions of Western Australia that is host to a number of base metals deposits with copper and gold mineralisation. Paterson Copper Projects This portfolio of copper projects comprises the Nifty Copper Mine, Maroochydore Copper Project and Paterson Exploration Project. The Nifty Copper Mine (“Nifty”) is located on the western edge of the Great Sandy Desert in the north-eastern Pilbara region of Western Australia, approximately 330km southeast of Port Hedland. Nifty contains a 2012 JORC Mineral Resource of 732,200 tonnes of contained copper (i). Cyprium is focussed on a heap leach SX-EW operation to retreat the current heap leach pads as well as open pit oxide and transitional material. Studies will investigate the potential restart of the copper concentrator to treat open pit sulphide material. The Maroochydore deposit is located ~85km southeast of Nifty and includes a shallow 2012 JORC Mineral Resource of 486,000 tonnes of contained copper (ii). Aeris Resources Limited (ASX: AIS, formerly Straits Resources Limited) holds certain rights to “buy back up to 50%” into any proposed mine development in respect of the Maroochydore Project, subject to a payment of 3 times the exploration expenditure contribution that would have been required to maintain its interest in the project. An exploration earn-in joint venture has been entered into with IGO Limited on ~2,400km2 of the Paterson Exploration Project. Under the agreement, IGO is to sole fund $32 million of exploration activities over 6.5 years to earn a 70% interest in the Paterson Exploration Project, including a minimum expenditure of $11 million over the first 3.5 years. Upon earning a 70% interest, the Joint Venture will form and IGO will free-carry Paterson Copper to the completion of a pre-feasibility study (PFS) on a new mineral discovery. Murchison Copper-Gold Projects Cyprium has an 80% attributable interest in a joint venture with Musgrave Minerals Limited (ASX: MGV) at the Cue Copper-Gold Project, which is located ~20km to the east of Cue in Western Australia. Cyprium will free-carry the Cue Copper Project to the completion of a definitive feasibility study (DFS). The Cue Copper-Gold Project includes the Hollandaire Copper-Gold Mineral Resources of 51,500 tonnes contained copper (iii), which is open at depth. Metallurgical test-work has been undertaken to determine the optimal copper extraction methodology, which resulted in rapid leaching times (refer to 9 March 2020 CYM announcement, “Copper Metal Plated”, https://cypriummetals.com/copper-metal-plated/). The Nanadie Well Project is located ~650km northeast of Perth and ~75km southeast of Meekatharra in the Murchison District of Western Australia, within mining lease M51/887. The Cue and Nanadie Well Copper-Gold projects are included in an ongoing scoping study, to determine the parameters required to develop a copper project in the region, which provides direction for resource expansion work. (i) Refer to CYM ASX announcement dated 17 November 2021 “Updated Nifty Copper Mineral Resource Estimate” (ii) Refer to MLX ASX announcements: 10 March 2020, “Nifty Copper Mine Resource Update” and 18 August 2016, “Annual Update of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves” (iii) Refer to CYM ASX announcement: 29 September 2020, “Hollandaire Copper-gold Mineral Resource Estimate” Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Click on image above for Coffee With Samso investment column featured on Brilliant-Online. Our new Brilliant partnership allows us to distribute stories from ASX companies and private businesses to a wider community. As subscribers to Samso, you will find Brilliant stories inspiring.

The nickel mining space is now gathering pace and this Coffee with Samso Episode 167 with Peter Harold, Managing Director and CEO of Poseidon Nickel Limited (ASX: POS), is all about the changing dynamics. The Black Swan story stems from a long history of nickel prospecting and mining in the Kalgoorlie - Kambalda district. The company has gone through great lengths to come up with a Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS) which looks good. Some people may say that the projections are not realistic but I feel that the move to an EV world requires taking quantum leaps in the mineral resource industry. The pricing of copper and nickel, which is principally the building blocks of industrialisation is now primed to move in a positive direction. There are many commentaries out in the marketplace clearly showing that the appetite for a No Emission world is going to require a magnitude of mining activities. The increase is not going to be something like what we had in the past. This is a step ahead and the first companies that will take advantage, the first companies that will be rewarded, are those closest to mining. The boom bust cycle of commodity prices will continue but at a different level. Hence, companies like Poseidon are well placed. The BFS is robust and using spot price is an ingenious move as the market perception is that the nickel price is moving. In today's coffee conversation, Peter tells us all about the ins and outs of the Poseidon story. Check out the conversation in this Coffee with Samso and, as I always encourage, DYOR. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:01 Why did Peter join Poseidon Nickel Limited? 01:56 The geology of the project - Epic Silver Swan Discovery. 03:23 The projects of Poseidon Nickel Limited. 05:17 Infrastructure of the project. 07:06 Lake Johnston - Drilling Program and EIS grant. 10:15 Bankable Feasibility Study. 14:37 What are you going to do with the product? MOU with PBT. 18:44 Global significance of nickel - Government support. 25:37 ESG 27:20 Recent drilling. 30:12 Comments on the share price - MST report. 41:00 Poseidon Mythology - back in the days. 47:14 Final comments. 50:18 Conclusion PODCAST About Peter Harold Managing Director and CEO Peter Harold (B.AppSc (Chem) AFAICD) is a process engineer with over 30 years corporate experience in the minerals industry, specialising in financing, marketing, business development and general corporate activities. He was until recently the Managing Director of Panoramic Resources, a company he co-founded as a $3 million IPO in 2001. Peter steered Panoramic through the financing and development of the Savannah Nickel Project in the East Kimberley and the acquisition and re-start of the Lanfranchi Nickel Project near Kambalda with the company reaching a market capitalisation of $1.2 billion in 2007. He was more recently involved in bringing the Savannah Project out of care and maintenance and back into production. Peter has extensive experience in base metal mining project feasibility studies, financings, developments, operations and marketing. About Poseidon Nickel Limited (ASX: POS) Poseidon owns three significant nickel assets with a combined resource of close to 400kt of nickel and processing capacity of up to 3.7Mtpa of ore to produce nickel concentrate. The Company’s business strategy remains focussed on leveraging its existing asset base to grow Poseidon into a significant nickel producer over a period of expected significant growth in nickel demand largely driven by growth in the electric vehicle market. Poseidon’s strategic pillars are developing a pathway to production, targeted exploration across its nickel asset portfolio and considering proximal business development opportunities. The key enablers for the Company’s strategy to be successfully executed are ensuring key capabilities are resourced and the business is sufficiently funded for growth underpinned by a strong ESG framework. Poseidon Business Strategy The Company’s pathway to production was significantly progressed during FY22 with two metallurgical breakthroughs which could significantly improve the economics of the Black Swan project. The first involves incorporating a rougher concentrate regrind into its process flowsheet to significantly improve the quality of the smelter grade concentrate, which is expected to result in improved nickel payability. The second was testwork on a combined serpentinite and talc carbonate ore blend to produce a rougher concentrate which is amenable to both pressure oxidation and high-pressure acid leach to produce a mixed hydroxide precipitate. With the assistance of Poseidon’s geological consultants, Newexco, the Company completed an exploration targeting report for Lake Johnston during FY22, with follow up reports for Black Swan and Windarra to be delivered in FY23. The Lake Johnston report identified the Western Ultramafic Unit as a priority, with a program of works approved to undertake 15,000 metres of RC drilling which is planned for FY23. The Company’s business development efforts over FY22 focused on delivering value from the Windarra/Lancefield gold tailings project. Partnering with Green Gold and determining whether their proprietary gold recovery technology is suitable for Windarra/Lancefield is considered the optimal path to unlocking value from this project. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google. Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Coffee with Samso Episode 166 is with Mike Haynes, Managing Director and CEO of New World Resources Limited (ASX:NWC). Just over 12 months ago, we had New World Resources Limited (ASX:NWC) with us talking about the Antler VMS project. This story has now moved through the Scoping Study stage and recently declared a larger resource. Investors in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) are struggling to find a decent copper story. The last company that was not considered a major is being taken over and that is Oz Minerals Limited (ASX: OZL). Oz Minerals was no minnow so there is a big gap in the market. The next level brings Sandfire Resources Limited (ASX: SFR) into the discussion. Aeris Resources Limited (ASX: AIS) is another "small" copper producer on this scale. From here, the discussion pretty much ends. Here lies the opportunity to look at companies that have a long life and the potential to make the dream - to fill the imminent copper supply gap, come true. The New World Resources Limited story is a very convincing one as you watch and listen to Mike Haynes talk about the Scoping Study results and plans to bring the Antler Copper Deposit back into production. As all investors have experienced, what is clearly obvious becomes not so clear cut as time goes by. It is this reason that I encourage readers and viewers to DYOR and seek out Mike Haynes. Send him the questions. As I am researching New World Resources, I am struck by the great numbers coming out of the Scoping Study. This episode of Coffee with Samso is all about why the Antler project is so unique in grade and resource. Check out this Coffee with Samso with Mike Haynes from New World Resources Limited. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:16 Recap of the Antler Copper Project. 07:03 How is the geology? 09:17 Good grade numbers. 11:31 Explaining the share price to investors. 14:50 The high grade variation issue. 16:43 Scoping Study results. 17:58 How good is the Antler Copper project in terms of numbers? 24:54 Any potential hiccups? 26:46 How much movement will we see in the numbers? 30:13 Any concerns about future funding? 34:38 News flow. 36:45 Why New World Resources Limited? 37:28 Conclusion PODCAST About Mike Haynes Managing Director and CEO Mr Haynes has more than 25 years’ experience in the international resources industry. He graduated from the University of Western Australia with an honours degree in geology and geophysics and has explored a wide variety of ore deposit styles throughout Australia and extensively in Southeast and Central Asia, Africa, Europe, South and North America. Mr Haynes has held technical positions with both BHP Minerals and Billiton plc. He has worked extensively on project generation and acquisition throughout his career. During the past 17 years he has been intimately involved in the incorporation and initial public offerings of numerous resources companies, and in the ongoing financing and management of those and other companies. About New World Resources Limited New World Resources Limited is an Australian company focused on the exploration and development of mineral resources projects in North America. It is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange under the code NWC. On 14 January 2020 New World Resources Limited announced that it had executed an agreement that provides it with the right to acquire a 100% interest in the high-grade Antler Copper Deposit in Arizona, USA. In October 2021, after 18 months of exceptional results, New World exercised its option and took 100% ownership of Antler. About the Antler Copper Project Excellent Location • Located in a sparsely populated part of northern Arizona • Privately-owned land • 70% of all copper produced in the US is from mines in Arizona Proven VMS District • Cluster of 30-40 VMS deposits in northern Arizona; largest: • United Verde – mined 33Mt of ore @ 4.8% Cu (1883-1975) Excellent Infrastructure • 15km from rail and an interstate highway • Mains power to within 700m of the old headframe • 55km by road to Kingman (population ~30,000) • Benefits of existing infrastructure: - Cheaper to build a new mine - Cheaper to operate a mine Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide) Deposits Explained In simple terms, Volcanic-associated Massive Sulphide (VMS) deposits are caused by underground metal-rich volcanoes rising and creating a cooking environment. I suggest you download this eBook which explains the VMS and How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google. Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

The Esperance region could be the "Pilbara" of Rare Earths and Coffee with Samso Episode 165 with Guy Le Page, Non-Executive Director of Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX: MRD), is all about the realisation of a Clay-Hosted Rare Earth Region. The Rare Earth narrative is gaining pace. This is a great thing for the investors in this space but I feel that there is still no straight answer as to what constitutes a workable project. All the numbers are a blur. What is a number/grade that is a cause for celebrations? In addition, what is a good sized resource that will make a project economical? The Mount Ridley REE project appears to have all the components that make a good resource project. The grade (according to current descriptions) is among the peers. The length of intercept in the current drilling looks acceptable, again, according to the comparisons from peer projects. When I look at the current Clay REE story, as Guy Le Page rightly points out, it is now all about metallurgy. The companies that are in the industry are trying to figure out how to treat the resources. The expertise that is in China has been a vacuum and that is not a good path for the Non-Chinese Rare Earth projects. As you watch and listen to Guy Le Page narrate the path forward for the REE players, it is crystal clear that they must work out the chemistry side of the business. What is also abundantly clear to me is that the region, the Esperance region, is made for industry. Everything is set up for some industry to come along and make full use of the facilities. In one of our discussions, Guy and I agreed that when the companies come up with a flow sheet that will drive the REE business, the business will have a very smooth transition as the Esperance township will embrace the opportunity with open arms. Check out the conversation in this Coffee with Samso and, as I always encourage, DYOR. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:52 What is Mount Ridley all about? 02:20 A new province? 04:43 Can or will Australia be moving into an era of being a Rare Earths player? 06:07 Is Clay harder than Hard Rock projects? 08:12 Is Rare Earths all about volume like the Coal story? 09:47 REO Type Breakdown. 10:55 The Geopolitical Issue. 14:59 MRD has been a quiet achiever. 16:50 Thoughts on the market. 17:59 News flow for the next 12 months. 19:13 Why MRD? 20:02 Conclusion PODCAST About Guy Le Page Non-Executive Director B.A., BSc (Hons), MBA, MAusIMM, FFIN Mr Le Page is currently a Director & Corporate Adviser of RM Corporate Finance specialising in resources. He is actively involved in a range of corporate initiatives from mergers and acquisitions, initial public offerings to valuations, consulting and corporate advisory roles. Mr Le Page was Head of Research at Morgan Stockbroking Limited (Perth) prior to joining Tolhurst Noall as a Corporate Advisor in July of 1998. As Head of Research, Mr Le Page was responsible for the supervision of all Industrial and Resources Research. As a Resources Analyst, Mr Le Page published detailed research on various mineral exploration and mining companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The majority of this research involved valuations of both exploration and production assets. Prior to entering the stockbroking industry, he spent 10 years as an exploration and mining geologist in Australia, Canada and the United States. His experience spans gold and base metal exploration and mining geology, and he has acted as a consultant to private and public companies. This professional experience included the production of both technical and valuation reports for resource companies. Mr Le Page holds a Bachelor of Arts, a Bachelor of Science and a Masters’ Degree in Business Administration from the University of Adelaide, a Bachelor of Applied Science (Hons) from the Curtin University of Technology and a Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance and Investment from the Securities Institute of Australia. About Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX:MRD) Mount Ridley Mines Limited is undertaking the exploration of a significant deposit of valuable clay-hosted rare earth elements in Western Australia. The Project was initially acquired for its nickel and copper sulphides potential and is now recognised as being prospective for ionic clay REE deposits. Currently, this style of deposit is mined and processed only in China and Myanmar. In November 2020 Mount Ridley Mines Limited (“MRD”) commenced a review of data for its namesake Mount Ridley Project and surrounding area. The review concluded that areas of the Biranup and Nornalup geological provinces in south-eastern Western Australia have the potential for REE mineralisation, and in particular, the style of mineralisation referred to as Ionic Adsorption Clay (IAC-REE). Globally, deposits of IAC-REE are most significant in southern China and are the world’s main source of heavy Rare Earth Elements. The Project REE mineralisation occurs as large, horizontal, near surface, sheet-like lenses up to a depth of 89 metres. REE mineralisation is interpreted to be present within the in-situ saprolite clay horizon. Patchy lower grade zones occur within transported cover which may vector towards stronger REE mineralisation deeper within the regolith. Geological Survey of Western Australia (DMIRS) mapping[1] shows that the Mount Ridley Project REE mineralisation occurs within the weathered mantle (regolith) of the Recherche Super-suite, which is described as “granitic and mafic gneiss; may include intrusions of Esperance Super-suite”. While the source of the REE mineralisation is currently unknown, a detailed sample and litho-geochemistry dataset from bottom of hole aircore samples has been established which includes whole-rock chemical analyses, sample pulps and some end-of-hole air core samples. These samples and data are being studied by the Company’s consultant geochemist to identify the primary rock-type and whether units are REE-enriched. Re-assay of 950 air core samples (162 pending) returned significant REE values over an apparent strike in excess of 25 km with over 20 samples returning >1,000 ppm Mineralisation remains open in all directions with a peak value so far at the Keith’s Prospect from MRAC0711 with 10,461ppm (1.05%) from 23m downhole. Significant REE intersections have been identified and grouped into 5 prospects – Winston’s, Keith’s, The Lake, Tyrell’s and Marcellus. Planning underway for a 25,000m aircore program to test newly acquired tenements in addition to step-out and infill holes. [1] (DMIRS) Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety 1:100,000 Interpreted Bedrock Geology Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google. Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Coffee with Samso Episode 164: Exploration work has begun at the Bangemall project and it's starting to come up with very interesting results. Allan Kelly, Executive Chair of Miramar Resources Limited (ASX: M2R) narrates this story. When we did the first episode of Coffee with Samso with Miramar Resources, I liked the Bangemall and Whaleshark projects. To me, these two had potentially a big pay day if the results came out well. The plan at that time was always to begin activities at these projects but the focus was at Gidji. This episode of Coffee with Samso is all about the Bangemall. In some ways, the Bangemall is the western end and the Whaleshark project is the eastern end members of the Gascoyne/Ashburton complex, respectively. This region has been a neglected part of the Western Australian mineral exploration world till about 12 months ago. The reason I am interested in these projects is that they lie in these mobile belts that have hosted many mineral deposits. For those people who have been following the Samso series of videos, you will have come across the many conversations about finding great deposits in regions once neglected. The Bangemall and Whaleshark projects are another example. If you had watched the earlier conversations with Allan Kelly, you would have heard him talking about the reasons why he picked these projects. The Bangemall Story - Miramar Resources Limited (ASX: M2R) - Coffee with Samso - Episode 146 The Whaleshark Project Story - A Discussion : Miramar Resources Ltd (ASX: M2R) - Rooster Talk The recent market darling has been dealing with the discovery of Rare Earths in clays. I have made several comments about the need to differentiate between potential economic discoveries and a discovery. In the case of the guys in the Gascoyne-Ashburton region, they are looking for hard rock versions. They are looking for carbonatites or equivalents. Companies have projects and they must choose the one that gives the company the greatest value. This is one of the best traits of good management. One should never fall in love with the projects. If there is a favorable outcome for the company, the strategy must allow for divestments. Check out the episode and always, DYOR. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:46 Miramar market cap. 01:24 The Bangemall Ni-Cu-PGE / Carbonatite project. 10:44 What do the uranium-thorium anomalies mean? 12:20 Bangemall - a Misunderstood Mineral System ? 16:08 A big cooking system with possibilities of other commodities. 23:19 Updates on the Eastern Goldfields Projects. 27:41 Lake Systems. 30:28 IOCG. 37:34 Whaleshark, Bangemall and Gidji. 40:47 News flow. 44:10 How do you want investors to see Miramar moving forward? 47:00 Conclusion PODCAST About Allan Kelly Executive Chairman Mr. Kelly is a geologist and manager with over 25 years’ experience in mineral exploration, development and production throughout Australia and the Americas. Mr. Kelly graduated in 1994 with a Bachelor of Science (with honours) in Applied Geology from Curtin University. He has been involved in targeting early-stage exploration of gold, nickel and copper deposits in Australia, Alaska and Canada and has previously held senior exploration positions within Western Mining Corporation and Avoca Resources Limited. He has also served as an Executive Director of Riversgold Ltd and a non-executive director of Alloy Resources Ltd. In 2009, Mr. Kelly founded Doray Minerals Limited, which listed on the ASX in early 2010. Under Mr. Kelly’s management, Doray discovered the high-grade Wilber Lode gold deposit within the Andy Well Project in the Murchison Region of Western Australia, which moved from discovery to production within three and a half years, and subsequently funded, constructed and commissioned the Deflector Gold-Copper Project within 14 months of completing the takeover of Mutiny Gold Limited in 2014. In 2014, Mr. Kelly was awarded the Association of Mining and Exploration Companies (AMEC) ‘Prospector Award’, along with Doray’s co-founder Mr. Heath Hellewell, for the discovery of the Wilber Lode and Andy Well gold deposits. Mr. Kelly is a Fellow and Former Councillor of the Association of Applied Geochemistry (AAG), a Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (AIG) and a Member of the Institute of Brewing and Distilling (IBD). About Miramar Resources Limited (ASX:M2R) Miramar Resources Limited is a Western Australian focused mineral exploration company with projects in the Eastern Goldfields, the Murchison and Gascoyne regions. The portfolio of exploration projects has high potential for new gold discoveries within trucking distance of existing operations and for the discovery of nickel-copper-platinum group element (PGE) mineralisation. Miramar aims to create shareholder value through discovery and the Board has a proven track record of successful discovery, development and production. Latest ASX Announcements Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Coffee with Samso Episode 163 is all about Rare Earths. Venture Minerals Limited (ASX:VMS) has just made several announcements on the discoveries of Rare Earths on their Golden Grove North and Mount Lindsay project. The mass discoveries of REE recently is testament to the fact that Rare Earths are not very Rare. Most retail investors are not too concerned about the facts and the viability of REE projects as they jostle for trading opportunities. Many of these investors are only interested in the strategy of "selling dreams". One cannot begrudge this trading strategy. Trading to sell dreams has made a lot of investors' money. I don't work well with that system. I always end up with the short straw. I take my advice from a friend and mentor Geoffrey Donohue who taught me not to flow with the sentiment of the market but DYOR. Like all the great investors that we hear about, they are all into real facts and great management. Like all businesses, there are some that will be around for a long time and there are those that dance on tables now, but are never in the spotlight when the tide subsides. The best of these quotes are those from Warren Buffet. When I look at Venture Minerals, with the recent announcements, the first thing that came to my mind was whether this could be the catalyst that Mt Lindsay needs to get going. A credit to the mining cost that would give the tin and tungsten the boost for profitability. One of the best words used in the mining process is credits. Mining of the REE will be at the same stage as any other proposal to mine Tin and Tungsten so the excitement will be how much of the REE will contribute to the bottom line. In many other REE projects, they will need volume and logistics. Venture will be adding the REEs to an existing mining schedule which will likely create credits to any spreadsheet. When you look at the Cadia Gold Copper Mining Project, the most profitable gold mine in Australia, its All In Sustaining Cost (ALSC) is negative. In January 2021, Newcrest announced a record AISC of negative US$6 ($7.83) per ounce of gold due to higher copper prices and sales volumes, along with the timing of sustaining capital expenditure (Australian Mining). Cadia produces gold doré from a gravity circuit and gold-rich copper concentrates from a flotation circuit at Cadia. The gold dore is then refined at the Perth Mint and concentrates are piped to a dewatering plant at nearby Blayney and sent by rail to Port Kembla in New South Wales for export. The Molybdenum Plant is expected to deliver an additional revenue stream in the form of a molybdenum concentrate which will be a by-product credit to AISC per ounce. ---- Newcrest Website This is one of the most productive mines in Australia but it took a long time from discovery to production. At one stage, there was talk that this project was not going to get the tick of approval. Cadia was a closed mine since 1929 and only rejuvenated in 1992. Production as we know it did not happen immediately. Hence, when I hear all the negative narratives about Venture Minerals, I would like to remind viewers that all the great projects in the world today did not happen overnight. The tin and tungsten strategy has not disappeared. The resurgence of the REE sector is mainly due to the recent changing geopolitical positions. The jostling for the biggest bully in international politics is just beginning. This will impact Venture immensely as tin, tungsten and REE are key players in the critical and essential sectors. I sense that the resurgence of Tungsten may not be far away. Tungsten, in economical amounts, are indeed rare. The importance on the military side of things will make Tungsten take the spotlight. Coupled with REE and tin, I think Venture is definitely worth putting on your watch screen and DYOR. Take time and listen to Andrew Radonjic, Managing Director of Venture Minerals talk about the latest discoveries of REE in their projects. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:55 News about Rare Earths prospects. 02:12 What are the learnings from the discoveries? 05:27 How do you want investors to see Venture Minerals? 11:12 A good geology setting for carbonatites? 13:54 How do you see the Rare Earths market going forward? 17:38 Updates on other projects - Kulin and Thor. 23:02 Are we in the phase of new discoveries? 27:22 News flow. 30:48 Why Venture Minerals? 33:35 Conclusion PODCAST About Andrew Radonjic Qualifications: BAppSc (Mining Geology), MSc (Mineral Economics), MAusIMM Mr. Radonjic is a geologist and mineral economist with over 30 years of experience in mining and exploration, with an initial focus on gold and nickel in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. Andrew has fulfilled a variety of senior roles which gave rise to three gold discoveries, totalling in excess of 3 million ounces in resources and resulting in 1.5 million ounces being produced. Since 2006 Andrew has been an executive director with Venture Minerals, which he has been co-leading during the discovery of the Mount Lindsay Tin-Tungsten deposit. Andrew is a founder and recently was a director of Blackstone Minerals Limited (ASX: BSX). About Venture Minerals Limited Venture Minerals Ltd (ASX: VMS) has refocused its approach to developing the Mount Lindsay Tin-Tungsten Project in northwest Tasmania, already one of the world's largest undeveloped Tin-Tungsten deposits. With the recognition of Tin as a fundamental metal to the battery revolution and Tungsten being a critical mineral, Venture has commenced an Underground Feasibility Study on Mount Lindsay that will leverage off the previously completed open-pit feasibility work. At the neighbouring Riley Iron Ore Mine, the mine is prepared for a quick restart should the market conditions become favourable. In Western Australia, Chalice Mining (ASX: CHN) recently committed to the second stage of the JV which requires a further $2.5 million of expenditure over the next two years to earn a further 19% interest (for a total of 70%) in Venture’s South West Project. At the Company’s Golden Grove North Project, downhole EM has delineated a large conductor under High Grade Zinc-Copper-Gold drill intersections within the 5km long Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Target Zone, along strike to the world class Golden Grove Zinc-Copper-Gold Mine. Venture has a significant Nickel-Copper-PGE landholding at Kulin with two highly prospective 20-kilometre long Ni-Cu-PGE targets within the Kulin Project. Share to Grow: Your Bonus eBook: How to add value to your Share Portfolio This is a good time to download our Free Ebook as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). The eBook is about lessons on geological models sought by mining companies. It gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative investments. Click here to download this eBook. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Coffee with Samso Episode 162 is all about uranium. Today, we hear from Caroline Keats, Managing Director and CEO of ENRG Elements Limited (ASX: EEL) about their Uranium Project in Niger, a well known uranium province. Jump to her interview For decades, Niger has been a known uranium producing nation in an endowed U3O8 mineralising province. When I think of a mineral province, my thoughts are the area is a proven mineralised system. In this day and age, the need to get the product to market is a very important aspect as well. The first Uranium story on Samso was in 2019 with Mike Young from Vimy Resources Limited. Vimy has since been taken over by Deep Yellow Limited (ASC: DYL). At that time, there was still a lot of resistance to the uranium business. I feel the sentiment in the market has changed dramatically since 2019. There has been a recent rise in the price of "yellowcake" to above USD60 per pound. With little activity in the uranium sector, our recent interview with Simon Mitchell of Orpheus Minerals Limited may have sparked off new perceived sentiments when they announced their IPO. Simon told our listeners about the new company doing uranium exploration in Australia. The ENRG Element story is very different We are talking about a project that is in a proven uranium mining province. We are talking about a proven uranium mineralised province. The nation of Niger is a significant uranium player. My realisation of the potential of ENRG Elements is that there is a history of uranium mining and extraction in Niger. There are big players involved and the increasing sentiment for nuclear energy could make this a very interesting proposition. Serious Business ENRG Elements has a project that Paladin Energy Limited (ASX: PDN) had as a second project and they did work on the property. This was a project that Paladin did research on and acquired. It wasn't moose pasture. This was also a project that is in a known and proven mineralised province. ENRG Elements has an inferred resource on the project as well. Definitely not a hope and a prayer style project. The fact is that the company, ENRG Elements has to complete the journey to prove the economic viability of the project. The economic viability of the project is no longer uncertain as a good part of the journey is completed. Jurisdiction risks are always present but somewhat less in Niger as they are in the business of uranium already. Take some time, listen to the episode and use the information as part of your DYOR process. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:23 About Caroline and ENRG. 02:51 About the Agadez Project. 06:48 Being based in a producing country. 11:08 Is ENRG a critical metal company or an energy company? 13:21 The view on Uranium. 15:51 The future of nuclear power. 18:52 How should investors position themselves? 20:43 How should investors view ENRG? 21:54 The Ghanzi West Copper Project. 23:12 News flow. 23:52 Why EEL? 24:49 Conclusion About Caroline Keats Managing Director and CEO Ms Keats is a focused business leader and corporate executive with twenty years of corporate/commercial experience. She has extensive experience working with assets in foreign jurisdictions, particularly Africa and has successfully liaised with foreign governments to improve understanding about operational and Australian corporate requirements, while facilitating outcomes beneficial to mining projects, local communities and the local economy. Ms Keats is legally qualified, having commenced her career as a lawyer at Blake Dawson Waldron (now Ashurst) and then at Blakiston & Crabb (now Gilbert & Tobin). She has since worked in senior management and executive roles at Paladin Energy Ltd, Mawson West Ltd, MRX Technologies (a Siemens business) and more recently held the Managing Director role at Tiger Resources Ltd. About ENRG Elements Limited ENRG Elements Limited (ASX:EEL) is a company focused on the exploration and development of its uranium and copper projects, commodities that are essential for a carbon-neutral and electric future. The company holds 100% of the underexplored Agadez Uranium Project located in the Tim Mersoi Basin of Niger, with a JORC Resource of 10.7m pounds of contained eU3O8 at 295ppm (150ppm cut-off grade) from surface to only ~30m depth, with exploration currently underway to advance the project. Agadez hosts similar geology to Orano SA’s Cominak/Somair and Imouraren mines and deposits held by Global Atomic Corporation (TSE:GLO) and GoviEx Uranium (CVE:GXU). Niger has one of the world’s largest uranium reserves and in 2021 was the seventh‐highest uranium producer globally, with the Tim Mersoi Basin in Niger hosting the highest-grade and tonnage uranium ores in Africa. ENRG also holds the 100% owned Ghanzi West Copper-Silver Project with a total area of 2,630km2 in the Kalahari Copper Belt of Botswana, one of the most prospective copper belts in the world, which also hosts Sandfire Resources' (ASX:SFR) Motheo Copper Mine and Khoemacau Copper Mining’s Zone 5 underground mine. ENRG believes that the Kalahari Copper Belt has the potential for material discovery, with further exploration underway to advance the project. Botswana is a stable, pro-mining jurisdiction, supportive of mineral exploration and development. According to the 2020 Fraser Institute Annual Mining Survey, Botswana was ranked 1st for ‘investment attractiveness’ in Africa, in addition to being ranked 11th out of 77 countries globally. The Company also holds the Horseshoe West Copper-Gold Project with 32.4km2 of tenements surrounding the historic Horseshoe Lights Mine in Western Australia, located 150km north of Meekatharra, as part of the Earn-in and Joint Venture agreement with Horseshoe Metals Ltd (ASX:HOR). The Directors and management of ENRG have strong complementary experience with over 90 years of Australian and international technical, legal and executive experience in exploration, resource development, mining, legal and resource fields. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.

Samso Insight Episode 108 Jump straight to: The Tale of Two Journeys What I like about Aurumin History of the Central Sandstone Project Geology of the Central Sandstone Project The Story of Aurumin The Solution to the Problem Samso's driven purpose The Samso experience has always been about identifying a good story and then sharing that on our platform with uniquely acute insights. We are fast approaching the end of 2022 which would mark our 4th anniversary. Time has passed so fast. The first official Samso blog was published in August 2018 but there were some articles that were written as far back as 2016. As Samso developed, one thing has never changed. The motivation has always been to share our Insights with a purpose to showcase the potential of every story that will allow readers, viewers and listeners to understand and DYOR. This is the first of a new series for the Samso community where I share my thoughts on the market and the companies that I feel may be relevant. As the market gets complicated and investors are running for cover, I felt it would be a good opportunity to share my thoughts on companies that have been largely ignored due to a lack of market love. It's something that I feel will give an extra viewpoint that may be of use to readers :-) The Tale of Two Journeys For those readers who have been following the Coffee with Samso series, they would know of Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN). I have been covering Aurumin for a while and I am now more optimistic on their story. We at Samso are not recommending Aurumin as investment (we are not authorised to recommend any financial products), but rather, we are showcasing them to create awareness in the community. As an exploration geologist and thinking in that kind of space consistently, I have said it many times in the videos what I like about Aurumin. What I like about Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) The company's latest announcement (Released 31st October 2022) should give readers good reasons to get some research happening. The basic information is the upgrading of the Two Mile Hill Underground resource to 574koz @ 1.6 g/t Au. Why is this significant? Well, when the company took on the project, the Two Mile Hill UG resource was 500,000 ounces at a grade of 1.1 g/t Au. This upgrade is the first step to making the Sandstone project a legitimate mining proposition. When I talk to people about the potential of this acquisition, the consensus was on the ability of Brad Valiukas and his team to show that the Two Mile Hill UG resource could be upgraded. According to Brad, what will be required to make Two Mile work is this: 800oz/vm at 2g/t works well. So long as we can keep the bulk (30m high, 20m wide stopes). We are currently at 1,400 ounces per vertical meter at 1.6g/t, but there is no allowance in that for extraction percentage (pillars). Cut off grade at current gold prices is about 1g/t (plus or minus depending on the mill size), so both the resource and target have some margin. We are close, hence we will start some internal scoping work. I think there is still upside with the UG. There is room for some extension north and south, and more data could bring the grade up again. As the company manages its exploration activities, one of the main questions is, what are the steps moving forward? What will Aurumin be doing in the coming 12 months? 2Mile Hill is currently still inferred. I really want to see what I can get out of some scoping work before making a call on the next expenditure. The best place to drill it from is UG, probably from in the tonalite and drilling perpendicular to the ore zones and veins, hitting the contacts both east and west. At the moment, drilling from UG is as cost effective as drilling it out from surface, plus we would be UG at the top of the ore body, ready to mine. Some big calls to make. One of the most important aspects of any mining proposition is the combination of grade and resource. I was curious about this and I asked Brad this question, in regards to the Sandstone/Two Mile Hill project. HIs comments were as follows: On a macro scale, it is mostly about grade. But more is always better. More surface resource gives me space to mine the UG while pits are filling the mill. And, as above, some sweeteners would be good. Aurumin is now all about the Sandstone project. According to the website, the Central Sandstone Project is located 12km south of the township of Sandstone, ~520km northeast of Perth, and located on a sealed highway between the mining towns of Mt Magnet and Leinster in the East Murchison Mineral Field of Western Australia. The Central Sandstone Project comprises granted tenure covering 112km2, including two granted Mining Licenses. The Central Sandstone Project also includes a non-operating 500,000tpa CIL processing plant, all associated infrastructure, operating licenses, permitted tailings storage facility and bore field, and camp facilities located on freehold title within the nearby town of Sandstone. History of the Central Sandstone Project (Source: Aurumin Website) In excess of 1Moz of gold has been produced from surface, open pit and underground operations in the Sandstone area since the 1890s. In addition to historic mining activities, more recent gold production is variously attributed to Herald Resources Limited in the 1990s and Troy Resources Limited (Troy) from 1999 to 2010. Troy extracted and processed a combined total of approximately 4.4Mt open pit of ore at an average grade of 3.6g/t Au for production of 508,000oz gold before the operation was placed on care and maintenance in September 2010. Middle Island Resources (Middle Island) acquired the Project in 2016 and explored the Project up until 2021. In December 2021, Aurumin entered into an agreement to acquire the Central Sandstone Project from Middle Island for $12 million in cash and shares. This acquisition came with a complete package of a largely disjointed region of ownership previously. Geology of the Central Sandstone Project Gold mineralisation is hosted within the Sandstone greenstone belt within the Southern Cross Province that forms the central spine of the Archaean Yilgarn Block. The Sandstone greenstone belt forms a classic ‘hourglass’ structure at the northern end of the Diemals Dome, where two major trans-current structures, the Edale and Youanmi faults, respectively confine the eastern and western margins of the belt. The Story of Aurumin Aurumin is a low market capitalisation company that has hallmarks of greater things. As I write, the market cap is around AUD11M. This is a company with nearly 1M ounces of gold in which over 500K ounces is in the Two Mile Hill deposit. I like the gold industry and it is very rare to find a story like Aurumin. I titled this blog "The Tale of Two Journeys" because I feel that Aurumin has two journeys to complete. The production path is very clear but I think the consolidation of all the exploration upside will make them achieve the miner status much faster. The exploration that Aurumin is doing is not grassroots but to consolidate the known resources. The upgrading of the Two Mile Hill resources will continue to take place. Conversations with Brad on our Samso platform are proof that the management of Aurumin has implemented a plan and has executed it well, at this time. Coffee with Samso: Aspiring High Grade Gold Miner: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Making of a Gold Miner Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - Developing the Gold Mining Story Rooster Talk: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Beginnings of a Gold Producer. Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) - Central Sandstone Resource Update. When Brad and I had the very first conversation in March 2021 (COVID never existed), there were valid reasons to doubt the company strategy. The plans were new and the potential upside were vague and felt a bit far away. It was not that they could not achieve, it was more about time to complete the task at hand. If you have been in this game as long as I have, you will know that acquisition was in the air. The time to do things in this industry is measured in months, otherwise, your hare price is going to move in the wrong direction, and if that happens, it normally ends in the wrong place. The Solution to the Problem Forward to 2022, the scene is very different. The sentiment for gold may not be as flavourful as Lithium. However, one has to remember that Brad Valiukas comes from big company thinking. Big company thinkers are always looking at expansion and creating economies of scale. The recent upgrade in resources at Two Mile Hill is showing that the numbers will make the league. It's just a matter of drilling and creating more data points. The numbers will improve if the recent drilling program is a precursor of what's to come. The competitive advantage for Aurumin is the potential plus 500K ounces (Two Mile Hill Underground) of near 2g/t dirt and the Mill. Some may say that the Mill is worthless and should be replaced. However, the location of the Central Sandstone Project makes it strategic to offer a central processing center. If anyone has been in business, location is everything. The figure above will show that a central processing hub is best in the middle. It would make total sense if the central processing Hub has a good resource of gold itself. If you expand the story to include the ounces that may come up from Southern Cross and Johnson Range, you have ounces that cannot be replaced. Here is a good take away -Sandstone is in between the Gidgee and Youanmi region. A centralised processing center that only really works well for the guy in the middle. The final point is that Brad worked with Northern Star and Focus. Look at how those two companies (different fortunes) grew as a company. Northern Star had Paulsens Gold Mine and that was like a starter project. Do Your Own Research and reach out to management. Aurumin is currently doing a Rights Issue and this may be a great time to approach the company and get the facts. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information.  I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value.  It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Coffee with Samso Episode 161 is all about uranium. Orpheus Minerals Limited (ASX: ORP) is currently completing their Initial Public Offer which closes on the 25th November 2022. Download Prospectus: www.orpheusminerals.com.au/IPO Closure date of the offer: 5PM AEST Friday 25 November 2022 Simon Mitchell, the Managing Director of Orpheus Minerals Limited (ASX: ORP) shares his thoughts on a sector that rarely makes an appearance in recent media coverage. Simon has extensive experience in the uranium sector and he gives a great summary of why Orpheus is on a path that is now getting some attention. Uranium has been a dirty word for awhile and the last major market interest of substance was as far back as 2006. There was some interest a couple of years back, but that was very short lived. In this episode we focused on the Orpheus projects and what the market sentiments will be for uranium. We had a discussion of the two major styles of uranium geology. This is a great episode for new investors to get some sort of an understanding on the roll-front and unconformity style uranium deposits. Listen to Simon here We also talked about the market and why the future for uranium looks bright. Orpheus has also selected projects in two Australian states that have good uranium mining policies. Those that are looking for exposure in this sector should take a good look at Orpheus Minerals as they have two of the main points I always look for in a company i.e. a good project, and an even better management. Check out the management team and you will find that there is a great wealth of experience in the uranium space. This is very rare. There are not many uranium exploration companies that have a staple of uranium experience like Orpheus Minerals Limited. The key to the uranium industry, from an investor's point of view is the global wave of acceptance to build more nuclear reactors. According to Simon, this has already happened. This gives me the greatest confidence that the investor's position is near. Do Your Own Research but don't let this slip. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:23 Introduction to Simon Mitchell. 02:38 Why Australia for Uranium? 03:37 Australian Uranium Province. 05:47 The Orpheus Paleo-Channel Projects. 06:15 The Orpheus Northern Territory Projects. 06:43 The Frome Project. 07:53 The Two Major Styles of Uranium Geology. 08:56 The Paleo-Channel / Roll-Front Uranium Style. 10:51 Do Paleo-Channel Uranium Projects occur together? 12:53 The Cooking Pot - Mineral System of Uranium Mineralisation. 13:56 Phosphate as a Uranium Pathfinder Mineral. 15:17 The Unconformity Uranium Geology. 20:08 Geological Unconformity Explained. 21:06 The Covid Unconformity Example. 21:25 Why is Uranium going to be in Focus? 26:33 Where is the Uranium Discussion Now? 27:44 What's the Global Nuclear Point of View? 32:34 What is the progress of Nuclear Safety? 34:46 Great Advancement of Safety in the Nuclear sector. 37:09 The Orpheus IPO Progress. 38:04 Key takeaway from Simon Mitchell. 38:39 Key management of Orpheus Minerals Limited. 40:26 Conclusion Simon Mitchell Managing Director BSC (HONS) GEOL, GRAD.DIP. APPLIED FINANCE, MAUSIMM, GAICD, MSEG Simon Mitchell was appointed Managing Director of Orpheus on 1 November 2021. Mr. Mitchell is a geologist and corporate executive with 31 years of resources industry experience in both technical and finance roles. From 2015 to 2021, Mr Mitchell was CEO and Managing Director of Southern Gold Limited, an ASX listed gold exploration company with a focus on Australia and South Korea. Mr Mitchell was General Manager of Business Development with ASX listed uranium exploration and mine development company Toro Energy Limited from 2006 until 2013 where he was responsible for managing the raising of more than US$80m. Mr Mitchell was also the lead executive for Toro in the A$280m takeover of ASX listed Nova Energy, then owner of the Lake Way-Centipede uranium project, near the town of Wiluna. Subsequent to the Nova acquisition, Mr Mitchell also negotiated a series of deals to consolidate the broader Wiluna Uranium project, doubling the resource base from 24mlb uranium oxide to more than 50mlb uranium oxide. Prior to Toro Energy, Mr Mitchell had 10 years gold exploration and mine development experience with Normandy NFM, RGC, Goldfields and Aurora Gold in Australia, Bolivia, Chile, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, and worked for six years at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, predominantly in Project Finance. Orpheus Minerals Limited Orpheus Minerals Limited was established to explore and discover greenfield uranium deposits in South Australia and the Northern Territory at economic grade and scale. The focus is on sandstone/sediment hosted (paleochannel roll front or structurally controlled) and unconformity (hard rock) uranium deposit types as these are typically higher grade or more simply extracted. Orpheus’s exploration focus is on the Australian jurisdictions that presently include approved and operating (or recently operating) uranium mines – South Australia and the Northern Territory. These are also the jurisdictions considered to have high prospectivity for economic uranium deposits and have the regulatory systems at both state and federal level supportive of the development of new uranium mines. Orpheus Minerals is an Australian unlisted public company, incorporated on 21 August 2020 by its current parent company, Argonaut Resources NL (ASX:ARE) (Argonaut). Following a strategic review by Argonaut of its assets, Argonaut decided to demerge its uranium exploration projects via the Offer, which is considered to be a partial, non-standard spin-out. Argonaut shareholder approval for the demerger for the purposes of ASX Listing Rule 11.4 was received on 30 September, 2022. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.