Coffee with Samso Episode 184 is with Julian Ford, CEO of Riversgold Limited (ASX: RGL) updating us on Riversgold's exploration activities since the last conversation in March 2023. Jump straight to the interview In our previous conversation, we discussed Riversgold Limited as a lithium explorer that I found interesting. One of the reasons I liked them is because they were among the few companies actively engaged in genuine mineral exploration for lithium. It's important for people to understand that the recent discoveries in the lithium sector have largely come from reevaluating previous exploration efforts. Companies have revisited their drill cores and discovered that the historical drilling had indeed encountered pegmatites. Samso is not begrudging of the success of these companies, such as the Mount Holland Lithium project, which is now privately owned and operated by Covalent Lithium. Riversgold, on the other hand, continues its exploration activities in search of valuable lithium-bearing pegmatite. What I find interesting about Riversgold is their Northern Zone project. When I was researching this topic, I initially found their release titled Farm-in to Significant Porphyry Hosted Gold Project a bit confusing because the project had yielded promising results. The company is proceeding cautiously to ensure the reliability of these results, which I believe demonstrates prudent management. Julian, in particular, discusses the project and takes a measured view of its potential. What does Porphyry mean? Here is a description of what a porphyry deposit means from Earth Science Australia: The major products from porphyry copper deposits are copper and molybdenum or copper and gold. The term porphyry copper now includes engineering as well as geological considerations; It refers to large, relatively low grade, epigenetic, intrusion-related deposits that can be mined using mass mining techniques. Geologically, the deposits occur close to or in granitic intrusive rocks that are porphyritic in texture. There are usually several episodes of intrusive activity, so expect swarms of dykes and intrusive breccias. The country rocks can be any kind of rock, and often there are wide zones of closely fractured and altered rock surrounding the intrusions. As is described following, this country rock alteration is distinctive and changes as you approach mineralization. Where sulphide mineralization occurs, surface weathering often produces rusty-stained bleached zones from which the metals have been leached; if conditions are right, these may redeposit near the water table to form an enriched zone of secondary mineralization. What is the significance of a Porphyry deposit? Based on my experience, it is quite rare to find a fertile porphyry that contains only gold. Most porphyry deposits are typically associated with copper. However, Julian informs us that their system at the Northern Zone is devoid of any other metals and is solely a gold system. When we examine the historical drilling results, we can observe significant depth of mineralization, and the grades fall within the range of atypical mineralised porphyry gold system. Julian has mentioned that they are currently awaiting the results from their recent drilling program. These results will help confirm the assay content and determine if there is any false enrichment present (see below). Completion of Diamond Drilling of Northern Zone 26km ESE of Kalgoorlie It will be fascinating to see the assay numbers and gain a better understanding of the potential of this project. The core samples from the drilling program appear to be in excellent condition, which further adds to the anticipation of the assay results. Listen to Julian Ford here: Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:03 Updates from Riversgold 02:57 The Gold Porphyry story 11:22 Metallurgical Cyanide Bottle Roll Test Results 13:37 How did the Northern Zone Project fly under the radar for so long? 19:34 Mt Weld Project 20:54 How should shareholders look at Riversgold? 23:04 Newsflow 23:50 Is the Porphyry story the main focus of Riversgold? 25:26 Why Riversgold? 26:03 Conclusion Samso's Conclusion The Riversgold story is an evolving narrative, and I appreciate the adventurous spirit of their projects. Julian impresses me as a composed and strategic individual who possesses a deep understanding of his work. When examining the Northern Zone project, the drilling results are remarkable and align with the expectations for a sizable deposit with low-grade bulk tonnage. According to the Visual Capitalist, porphyry deposits are very large, polymetallic systems that typically contain copper along with other important metals. Much of today’s mineral production depends on porphyries: 60% of copper, 95% of molybdenum, and 20% of gold comes from this deposit type. The Bingham Canyon Mine, located in Utah and owned by Rio Tinto and in production since 1906, annually produces approximately: 300,000 tons of copper 400,000 oz of gold 4,000,000 oz of silver 30,000,000 lbs of molybdenum The value of the resources extracted to date from the Bingham Canyon Mine is greater than the Comstock Lode, Klondike, and California gold rush mining regions combined. So as you can see above, the magnitude of finding a deposit of this nature in a Tier-1 jurisdiction like Western Australia is going to make Riversgold appreciate in market capitalisation. PODCAST This is a good time to download the first Ebook (FREE) from Samso as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). About Julian Ford Chief Executive Officer Mr Ford has 30+ years experience in the mining industry with global experience including Australia, Africa, South East Asia and South America. Mr Ford has held senior positions within several major resource companies including Alcoa, British Gas, Western Metals Limited. Since 2004, Mr Ford has focused on managing a number of successful start-ups, including transitioning a number of these from concept/exploration to production. Mr Ford holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Natal, a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of South Africa and a Graduate Diploma in Business Management from the University of Western Australia. He has been a member of the AusIMM for 20 years. About Riversgold Limited (ASX: RGL) Riversgold Ltd is an ASX-listed exploration company focused on discovering and developing large lithium systems in the world-renowned Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons of Western Australia. In early 2022, the Company acquired a suite of four lithium-prospective exploration tenement applications covering 164km2 in the Pilbara region. The key Tambourah Project is underexplored and has the potential to host a major lithium-caesium-tantalum system much like the nearby Pilgangoora and Wodgina deposits. Further, the Company has acquired a tenement package of 292km2 prospective for lithium in the Southern Cross-Marvel Loch region of Western Australia as well as securing an option to acquire 80% of tenement E77/2784 immediately to the east of the globally significant Mt Holland lithium project in the same region. The Riversgold portfolio also offers strong exposure to gold and nickel through its large landholding at the Kurnalpi Project in the Yilgarn. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.

In Episode 186 of Coffee with Samso, Dr Mike Jones, the Managing Director of Impact Minerals Limited (ASX: IPT), educates us on the ins and outs of the HPA business. The HPA (High Purity Alumina) story for Impact Minerals is now all about the economic process of making HPA. There are no longer any questions on the tonnage or the grade. In simple terms, the company is at the business end of the mineral resource sector. One of the key aspects of understanding Impact Minerals is to have a clear view of the company's business. Impact is in the business of HPA and what that means is that it needs to deliver High Purity Alumina in the 3N or 4N level (Figure 1). When considering companies like Impact Minerals, the initial association is often with mineral exploration. However, it is important to view Impact from a fresh perspective. In this episode, Dr. Mike Jones discusses the company's current focus on the Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) phase, which aims to determine the profitability of the Lake Hope HPA project. This shift in focus highlights Impact's commitment to reaching a stage of financial success, distinguishing it from the negative reputation often associated with mineral exploration companies. Listen to our coffee conversation with Dr. Mike Jones here: Samso's Conclusion Impact Minerals is a company that often goes unnoticed despite its promising projects. Currently, they are actively promoting the Lake Hope project, which has been discussed extensively by Mike during the past two Coffee with Samso sessions. It is evident that the Lake Hope HPA project holds significant value for the company. Impact Minerals Limited (ASX: IPT) - A Low Cost HPA story in Western Australia. It is worth mentioning that Impact Minerals' Broken Hill project was among the six projects worldwide selected for the prestigious BHP Xplor program. On 17th of January 2023, the company issued a release providing further details about their participation in the BHP Xplor program. BHP Xplor, an accelerator program introduced by BHP in August 2022, is designed to help provide participants with the opportunity to accelerate their growth and the potential to establish a long-term partnership with BHP and its global network of partners. Impact received up to US$500,000 in cash payments from BHP over the next six months and gained access to a network of internal and external experts to help guide development in the technical, business, and operational aspects of the company. This means that the management of Impact demonstrated credibility by successfully participating in and gaining acceptance for the Broken Hill project. This is a significant achievement, as only six recipients were chosen for this program, indicating a high level of quality. While the market trader may perceive Impact Minerals' market capitalisation of 34.37M as high, there is an underlying value that will yield positive results in the future. The Arkun project, which we discussed in a recent episode of Coffee with Samso, is located in a jurisdiction occupied by Tier-1 resource companies like Anglo-American. This provides strong evidence of its prospectivity (Figure 2). The Lake Hope project is currently in the "Feasibility" stage, and the initial excitement surrounding it has diminished in the market. However, this does not undermine the value that Impact Minerals is creating for its shareholders. There are two aspects of Impact Minerals that I appreciate. Firstly, the Lake Hope project is undeniably the company's flagship at the moment. Secondly, there is potential for significant growth from the Arkun and Broken Hill projects. Tune in to Mike's thoughts here. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:20 Updates from IPT 02:16 Economical parameters that make an HPA project viable 05:56 All about High Purity Alumina 07:54 The Cost Curve Analysis 11:23 Discussion about entry into the HPA market 12:43 The HPA space after the commodity market softening 14:07 The market for HPA 16:04 The Arkun Project 20:51 The Forward Plan 24:52 Is Lake Hope is still the Perfect Orebody? 25:33 How should investors view Impact? 26:55 Why should investors believe that Impact will deliver the end story? 29:00 With the current interest rate trend, is it a good time for companies like Impact Minerals? 30:55 Why should investors invest in Impact Minerals? 31:48 Conclusion PODCAST About Dr Mike Jones Qualifications: PhD, MAIG Dr Jones completed undergraduate and post-graduate studies in Mining and Exploration Geology at Imperial College, London. His Ph.D work on gold mineralisation saw him move to Western Australia in 1988 to work for Western Mining Corporation exploring for gold and nickel deposits in the Yilgarn. From 1994 he consulted to the exploration and mining industry specialising in the integration of geological field mapping and the interpretation of geochemical, geophysical and remotely sensed data for target generation. Dr Jones has worked on over 80 projects both in greenfields and near mine exploration in a wide variety of mineralised terrains and was the founding director of Lithofire Consulting Geologists in Perth, Australia. He was also the team leader during the discovery of a significant gold deposit at the Higginsville Mining Centre, near Kalgoorlie and an iron ore deposit near Newman, both in Western Australia. About Impact Minerals Minerals Limited Impact Minerals Limited (ASX: IPT) is an exploration company listed on the ASX in November 2006. The Company manages extensive tenement holdings (>4,000 km2) within Australia featuring significant potential for high-grade mineral deposits of gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, nickel and PGMs. The Directors of the Company have extensive experience in mineral exploration and a strong history of exploration success, business development and corporate management. Impact Minerals intends to build wealth for its shareholders through a vigorous campaign of project generation and evaluation with the aim of building profitable mining operations. As a well-established company with a strong presence in the industry, Impact's projects, such as the Broken Hill and Arkun projects, are of significant importance and would be considered major endeavors in any other ASX companies. The Broken Hill project, situated just 20km away from the renowned Broken Hill silver-lead-zinc mine in New South Wales, is a Ni-Cu-PGE project (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The geology of this project holds immense potential, making it an attractive prospect for investors and enthusiasts alike. As an observer, I have been closely following Impact Minerals and their projects for quite some time. Impact has shown that the very high grade palladium and platinum mineralisation at the Red Hill, Platinum Springs and Moorkaie Prospects and the Iron Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) mineralisation at the Copper Blow Prospect (ASX:SCI) are hosted by and related to alkaline magmatic rocks (Figure 2), (ASX Announcement 13th December 2018). Figure 2: Location of alkaline magma trends in the Broken Hill area. The Little Broken Hill to Moorkaie Trend contains rocks of potassic ultramafic to alkaline gabbro composition. The Copper Flat to Staurolite Ridge Trend contains rocks of alkaline gabbro to carbonatite composition. An offset of the Copper Blow Trend is interpreted to the south of the Thackeringa Fault Zone. (Source: Impact Minerals Limited) The Arkun project (Figure 3) which covers about 850 square kilometres is between York and Corrigin, which is approximately 100 km east of Perth. The project was first identified as an area of anomalous nickel-copper-gold anomalies in publicly available regional geochemistry data sets. What I like about this project is that it is now considered to be in a mobile belt that is prospective for "Julimar" type mineralisation. The discovery of Julimar has now opened up this whole region. A subsequent interpretation of regional magnetic data by Impact has identified the area as lying within a major deformation zone or mobile belt that trends NW-SE from the Moora-Julimar-Yarawindah area through Arkun and which may contain deformed and metamorphosed equivalents of those rocks. This belt is generally not recognised in many regional geology maps and yet is self-evident in the magnetic data. This is a significant breakthrough in understanding for Impact Minerals Limited. The BHP Xplor Program Impact Minerals has been selected to take part in the prestigious BHP Xplor program, showcasing their exceptional Broken Hill project. This recognition not only highlights the project's outstanding quality but also acknowledges the remarkable efforts and achievements of the company. Considering the rigorous selection process and the multitude of projects submitted, being chosen is a true testament to Impact Minerals' positive impact. The Lake Hope HPA Project will change the future of Impact Minerals Limited. The Lake Hope Project covers numerous prospective salt lakes between Hyden and Norseman in southern Western Australia, a Tier One jurisdiction (Figure 4). The project covers about 238 sqkm and are all owned by the vendor, Playa One. The Lake Hope area has unique climatic and geological characteristics that have resulted in the formation of what is probably a globally unique deposit of aluminium-rich material within the surficial clay layers of two small salt lakes, or “pans”, in the Lake Hope playa system. The lake clays, which are only up to a few metres thick, have unique chemical and physical properties and consist almost entirely of aluminium-bearing minerals that are plasticine-like in consistency and can be easily sampled with hand-held augers and push tubes (Figure 5). In addition, particle size distribution analysis demonstrates that virtually all the minerals are less than 16 microns and 60% to 80% occur at grain sizes of less than 5 microns (Figure 6). These unique characteristics have produced a near-perfect mineral deposit: a very high-value end product whose parent ore is: Very soft and shallow, allowing for extremely cheap free-digging with limited infrastructure requirements, no pre-stripping, no selective mining, a tiny environmental footprint, and limited rehabilitation requirements. Naturally fine-grained with no need for crushing and grinding, allowing for transport to an offsite processing facility that can be built on existing industrial sites (Figure 4). In essence, this is Direct Shipping Ore (DSO). Comprised of a few minerals that require only simple washing before acid leaching, thus allowing for low-cost straightforward metallurgical processing. Share to Grow: Your Bonus eBook: How to add value to your Share Portfolio This is a good time to download our Free Ebook as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). The eBook is about lessons on geological models sought by mining companies. It gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative investments. Click here to download this eBook. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.

Episode 187 of Coffee with Samso is with Guy Le Page, Non-Executive Director of Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX: MRD). Mount Ridley is now at the business end of the Rare Earth journey. Mount Ridley Mines is now focusing on the flow chart of the REE business. This is the money end, can you make the processing part cash flow positive? When I had my first Coffee with Samso with Guy Le Page, in July 2022 (Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX:MRD) - A Rare Earth Story.), it became evident that the company had a strong focus on optimising their flow chart. The company was confident in their ability to achieve the desired tonnage and grade, but their primary emphasis was on the final stage. In my view, one of the major benefits for companies like Mount Ridley is their project's location in the Esperance region. Numerous discussions have highlighted the region as the ideal site for the government to establish a Rare Earth Hub. Check out the conversation in this Coffee with Samso and, as I always encourage, DYOR. Chapters 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:10 Updates on the Mia Project 02:45 Beneficiation Results 03:55 Leach Test Results 04:59 Is Mia the main focus of Mount Ridley? 06:01 Mia prospect air-core drilling 06:37 Discussion about the soft REE market 09:05 Q&A from the public 09:19 Is MRD still going to list on the Frankfurt Exchange? 09:46 What is MRD’s strategic roadmap beyond 2023? 10:59 How is MRD taking a position for success amongst Esperance peers? 11:59 Is using HCL costly? And what about government grants? 13:03 Has MRD determined the controls in the clay-hosted REE project? 15:24 Prediction of the path of the REE market as we move forward 17:01 What makes MRD stand out? 18:20 Discussion about the REE market 20:17 Conclusion Samso's Conclusion When investing in the Clay Rare Earth sector, it is crucial to consider the economic viability of the processing flow sheet, and, while the industry has yet to determine its profitability, this does not mean it won't become a viable option. However, it is important to acknowledge that the industry is still in its early stages, and there will be a steep learning curve filled with uncertainty. The industry has successfully identified the process of leaching out the Rare Earth Elements (REE), but the economic outcome in terms of profitability remains uncertain. The REE sector, including both hard rock and "Clay/ionic/alluvial" types, has gained attention in investment circles due to recent geopolitical developments. China's dominance in this sector is widely recognised and understood. The previous discussion on REE in the investment community was short-lived in 2010, as the market experienced rapid fluctuations. However, the current rise of the REE sector has shown more resilience, having been present for a couple of years, largely due to the new "cold war" with China. Balancing the REE sector will require time, and investors in this sector must cultivate patience, akin to the patience required for fishing. It is frustrating to continually emphasize that mining projects are measured in terms of years to decades, while investors, particularly new ones, expect quick results within weeks or months. Unfortunately, such quick results are unlikely to occur. Regarding Mount Ridley, they have a solid strategy, and recent results indicate a viable business. However, the investment community needs to learn to be patient and learn to "PARK" their money. PODCAST About Guy Le Page Non-Executive Director B.A., BSc (Hons), MBA, MAusIMM, FFIN Mr Le Page is currently a Director & Corporate Adviser of RM Corporate Finance specialising in resources. He is actively involved in a range of corporate initiatives from mergers and acquisitions, initial public offerings to valuations, consulting and corporate advisory roles. Mr Le Page was Head of Research at Morgan Stockbroking Limited (Perth) prior to joining Tolhurst Noall as a Corporate Advisor in July of 1998. As Head of Research, Mr Le Page was responsible for the supervision of all Industrial and Resources Research. As a Resources Analyst, Mr Le Page published detailed research on various mineral exploration and mining companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The majority of this research involved valuations of both exploration and production assets. Prior to entering the stockbroking industry, he spent 10 years as an exploration and mining geologist in Australia, Canada and the United States. His experience spans gold and base metal exploration and mining geology, and he has acted as a consultant to private and public companies. This professional experience included the production of both technical and valuation reports for resource companies. Mr Le Page holds a Bachelor of Arts, a Bachelor of Science and a Masters’ Degree in Business Administration from the University of Adelaide, a Bachelor of Applied Science (Hons) from the Curtin University of Technology and a Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance and Investment from the Securities Institute of Australia. About Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX:MRD) Mount Ridley Mines Limited is undertaking the exploration of a significant deposit of valuable clay-hosted rare earth elements in Western Australia. The Project was initially acquired for its nickel and copper sulphides potential and is now recognised as being prospective for ionic clay REE deposits. Currently, this style of deposit is mined and processed only in China and Myanmar. In November 2020 Mount Ridley Mines Limited (“MRD”) commenced a review of data for its namesake Mount Ridley Project and surrounding area. The review concluded that areas of the Biranup and Nornalup geological provinces in south-eastern Western Australia have the potential for REE mineralisation, and in particular, the style of mineralisation referred to as Ionic Adsorption Clay (IAC-REE). Globally, deposits of IAC-REE are most significant in southern China and are the world’s main source of heavy Rare Earth Elements. The Project REE mineralisation occurs as large, horizontal, near surface, sheet-like lenses up to a depth of 89 metres. REE mineralisation is interpreted to be present within the in-situ saprolite clay horizon. Patchy lower grade zones occur within transported cover which may vector towards stronger REE mineralisation deeper within the regolith. Geological Survey of Western Australia (DMIRS) mapping [Figure1] shows that the Mount Ridley Project REE mineralisation occurs within the weathered mantle (regolith) of the Recherche Super-suite, which is described as “granitic and mafic gneiss; may include intrusions of Esperance Super-suite”. While the source of the REE mineralisation is currently unknown, a detailed sample and litho-geochemistry dataset from bottom of hole aircore samples has been established which includes whole-rock chemical analyses, sample pulps and some end-of-hole air core samples. These samples and data are being studied by the Company’s consultant geochemist to identify the primary rock-type and whether units are REE-enriched. Re-assay of 950 air core samples (162 pending) returned significant REE values over an apparent strike in excess of 25 km with over 20 samples returning >1,000 ppm Mineralisation remains open in all directions with a peak value so far at the Keith’s Prospect from MRAC0711 with 10,461ppm (1.05%) from 23m downhole. Significant REE intersections have been identified and grouped into 5 prospects – Winston’s, Keith’s, The Lake, Tyrell’s and Marcellus. Planning underway for a 25,000m aircore program to test newly acquired tenements in addition to step-out and infill holes. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google. Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Coffee with Samso 195 is all about the accessibility of the Jupiter Rare Earth project. This episode comes from the site of the project and lets audiences see why Jupiter is all about Location, Location, Location. Venture Minerals Limited (ASX: VMS) is now finalising a drilling program to infill the Jupiter project as they work to build a maiden JORC resource for the project. It is also now bringing management to site to see for themselves the ease of having a potential mining proposition. Managing Director, Andrew Radonjic and the Chair, Mel Ashton are sharing with us their thoughts on this episode of Coffee with Samso. There are no revelations but a reinforcement to investors and shareholders that the potential for a mining operation will come with Tier 1 infrastructure and potential partners or off-takers. Remembering the Reasons to Focus on the Jupiter REE project The fanfare on the Jupiter Rare Earth project is all about the ASX release by Venture Minerals on the 29th November 2023 (Jupiter Delivers over 7,000 ppm TREO assays from Maiden RC Drill Program) and the second round of results that was released on the 8th March 2024 (Jupiter Drilling Continues to Deliver Broad High-Grade REE Mineralisation including a Record NdPr Intersection of over 5,000 ppm). The project is shaping up to be something different to the family of clay Rare Earth stories in Australia. Venture has been able to show up with good width of mineralisation, grades that are above the norm and its location for the mining process may well be a determining advantage. The share price has been very buoyant and when taken into context of the Rare Earth sector in general, Venture Minerals is doing very well. There is a keen interest in the market to see where this story will end up. This episode continues to share more insights into the project and why the management of Venture Minerals all all looking forward to move this project forward. Check out the conversation with Andrew Radonjic below: Samso's Conclusion In the lead-up to the trip to the project, Andrew Radonjic had been taking a position that the location of the project could be a game changer and I have to say that it does make sense. The highway is within 20km from the edge of the Jupiter Rare Earths Deposit, and there is a gas pipeline that is within the boundaries of the project. You will hear Andrew reiterating these points and as they approach the narrative of taking the project to the next step of potential mining, this will make an interesting story to follow. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:55 Introduction to Mel Ashton 00:53 Updates on Jupiter 04:34 The Potential Size of the Jupiter Resource 08:55 Potential Strategy for Jupiter Project 11:52 Could there be other High-Grade "Cores"? 17:54 Discussion on Metallurgy 20:52 Location, Location Location 23:56 How can Venture take advantage of the REE Market? 25:57 What would the Exit look like for potential investors? 26:58 View on the Rare Earth Market over the next 12 months 34:41 News Flow 38:00 Tin 39:11 Conclusion PODCAST About Andrew Radonjic Qualifications: BAppSc (Mining Geology), MSc (Mineral Economics), MAusIMM Mr. Radonjic is a geologist and mineral economist with over 35 years of experience in mining and exploration, with an initial focus on gold and nickel in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. Andrew has fulfilled a variety of senior roles which gave rise to three gold discoveries, totalling over 3 million ounces in resources and resulting in 1.5 million ounces being produced. Since 2006 Andrew has been an executive director with Venture Minerals, which he co-led during the discovery of the Mount Lindsay Tin-Tungsten deposit in North-West Tasmania. He is also a founding co-director of Blackstone Minerals and the non-executive Chairman of Codrus Minerals. About Venture Minerals Limited Venture Minerals Ltd (ASX: VMS) has made a recent discovery at the Brothers REE Project including the Jupiter Clay Hosted Rare Earths Prospect. The Brothers Project includes the Iron Duke JV which hosts the Jupiter Prospect and is a potentially significant REE clay hosted discovery near Yalgoo in Western Australia. Brothers is well located to significant infrastructure including the port of Geraldton, Iluka’s Eneabba Rare Earths Refinery and Lynas Rare Earths currently operating Mount Weld Concentrator. The Mount Lindsay Tin-Tungsten Project in northwest Tasmania, already one of the world’s largest undeveloped Tin-Tungsten deposits. With the recognition of Tin as a fundamental metal to the battery revolution and Tungsten being a critical mineral, Venture has commenced an Underground Feasibility Study on Mount Lindsay that will leverage off the previously completed open-pit feasibility work, and recently included additional, potential large-scale quantities of tin and boron within the current resource base, and extensively throughout the greater Mount Lindsay skarn system. The tin-borates have not previously been assessed in any mining studies. Borate minerals contain a large amount of Boron, a critical mineral in the solar panel industry. At the neighbouring Riley Iron Ore Mine, the mine is prepared for a quick restart should the market conditions become favourable. In Western Australia, Chalice Mining (ASX: CHN) recently committed to the second stage of the JV which requires a further $2.5 million of expenditure over the next two years to earn a further 19% interest (for a total of 70%) in Venture’s South West Project. At the Company’s Golden Grove North Project, SensOre (ASX: S3N) (name changed to Premier1 Lithium ASX: PLC) is farming in whilst Venture retains the REE rights, the earn-in includes drilling of the Vulcan High Grade REE Target. SensOre’s proprietary AI technology has already highlighted lithium and copper exploration potential at Golden Grove North. The Company has a significant Nickel-Copper-PGE landholding at Kulin with two highly prospective 20-kilometre-long Ni-Cu-PGE targets within the Kulin Project, whilst recent exploration has identified clay hosted REE targets. Share to Grow: Your Bonus eBook: How to add value to your Share Portfolio This is a good time to download our Free Ebook as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). The eBook is about lessons on geological models sought by mining companies. It gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative investments. Click here to download this eBook. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

At the Future Facing Commodities Conference in Singapore, Global Lithium Founder Joe “Mr Lithium” Lowry dissected the recent tumultuous journey of lithium prices and predicted future market trends of the metal that is in the epicentre of the world’s energy transition. "We've been through a ride in lithium price. It's been pretty dramatic," stated Lowry. He pointed out the sharp increase to US$80,000 and subsequent fall, prompting questions about the causes of such volatility and the current pricing situation (Figure 1). Lithium prices are showing signs of recovery, recording a +20% increase over the past month alone, after it witnessed 80% collapse in December (Figure 2). However, several analysts are critical of an immediate rebound as surplus remains sizable. Figure: 1: Joe Lowry’s tweet from the conference highlighting lithium prices from 2020-2023 (Source : Twitter) “Living off the inventory” Lowry attributed the price bubble to panic buying in 2022, coupled with excess capacity in China's lithium-ion battery supply chain, which he believes will continue to induce market fluctuations. He observed a reactionary pattern in Chinese purchasing behaviour, stating, "When they see the price start to ease and come down, they stop buying. And they start living off the inventory." This strategic move contributes to price instability, as stakeholders anticipate further declines before committing to new purchases. Has lithium bottomed out? Addressing the question of whether lithium prices have bottomed out, Lowry cautiously suggested, "I'm not going to say it has for sure, but I think it's going to happen this year." He underscored the interconnectedness of the lithium market with the broader narrative of electric vehicle (EV) growth, which, despite being politicised, especially in the U.S., remains robust. "When I started, there was no commercial lithium-ion battery. And now, it's really all about batteries." This shift has significantly influenced the market dynamics and cost structures associated with lithium production and supply. Figure 2: Lithium prices in 2023 and 2024 (Source: Bloomberg) Critiqued Oversupply Perception Lowry critiqued the market's oversupply perception, arguing that it often overlooks the nuanced realities of inventory drawdowns and supply chain complexities. In his concluding remarks, Lowry urged the audience to adopt a discerning approach to market information, especially from China, and to recognise the varied landscape of lithium pricing. He stressed the importance of diligent analysis for investors, highlighting the spectrum of prices across different markets and the need to understand the underlying factors driving these variations. Cover photo: Spodumene - Spodumene, Shannon Heinle. CC0, via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spodumene_(GeoDIL_number_-_1621).jpg) The Samso Way – Seek the Research At Samso, we encourage investors to look beyond the headlines and focus on the foundations of value—geology, strategy, and execution. Pivotal Metals (ASX: PVT) is a clear example of why this matters. The Company’s systematic approach at the early-stage Lorraine project—highlighted by bonanza-grade gold, emerging gabbro-hosted sulphide targets, and newly defined magnetic corridors—signals a much larger mineral system at play. For those who value method over hype, PVT is one to research now and follow closely as the exploration story builds. Our mission is simple: cut through the noise and spotlight what matters—genuine stories, grounded insights, and real opportunity. Our content is well-researched and is only created if the team sees a merit in discussing the company or concept. Investors can explore our three core platforms: Coffee with Samso Samso Insights Samso News There may be numerous paths to success in investing, but the common thread among successful individuals is that they remain committed to making informed decisions. Equip yourself with the right knowledge and tools, and you will be well on your way to achieving your financial goals. Most importantly, investors need to be absolutely diligent in understanding their own risk-reward tolerance and capabilities. Never bite off more than you can chew. As they say, Rome wasn’t built in a day, and the Great Wall stood because it took centuries to complete. The Samso Philosophy: Stay curious. Stay sharp. And remember—digging deeper always uncovers the real value. In Life, there is no such thing as a Free Lunch. Happy Investing, and the only four-letter word you need to know is DYOR. To support our independent nature of our work, please head over to our Support Page and give us a helping hand in any of the ways listed. This is a new initiate for the Samso Platform, and it was always the concept of Samso when we started this journey in 2018. Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors. ------- Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience

Coffee with Samso Episode 196 is with Matt Szwedzicki, Managing Director of West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) In my first conversation in June 2023 with West Cobar Metals Limited, I noticed the amphibolite basement for the Salazar project and asked how this could affect the mineralogy of the project. With nearly 12 months of work since that time, the benefits of the Newmont deposit are now coming to light. In this episode of Coffee with Samso, Matt Szwedzicki shares with us the potential multi-commodity aspect of the Newmont deposit. The company has come a long way in substantiating its view on the new strategy in bringing light to the Titanium and Scandium part of the flow chart. This is an unfolding story and credit goes to the management for looking at the alternative value of the Newmont project. The increasing tenure of the project means that the protection of the potential value adding process is now in safekeeping. The potential extension of the amphibolite is now for West Cobar Metals to discover and if the Scandium and Titanium strategy holds ground, the shareholder value will be very interesting. Time will tell, but at least it is up to the company to find it. Samso's Conclusion I have been fascinated with the West Cobar story as it is the only Rare Earth project that I have come across that has a amphibolite basement, or rather, one that has a non-granitic basement. This stands out even more when you know that the Esperance region does not appear to have an equivalent. When I first talked to the company, I posed the question to management, what is the significance of the amphibolite? Does it come with other commodities (at that time they had a HPA resource sitting on top of the Newmont project)? There is now a pathway for the company and it will be interesting where this leads to in terms of shareholder value. The scandium story is very interesting as I have had some experience of that sector nearly a decade ago. If you watch the video and listen to Matt when he talks about the Scandium pricing mechanism, it is a revelation. For once, we have a market that is priced so high that it needs new supply to bring the pricing down so that it can create more supply and more use. It is not a matter of lack of demand, but that the sector needs supply. When you think about what the implication will mean, the opportunity for shareholder value adding is enormous. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:23 Update from Matt 01:43 More ground for Salazar 01:56 An updated exploration target 02:22 Realisation that Newmont is different 02:40 The Titanium Factor 02:59 Titanium Exploration Target 03:06 Presence of HPA 03:30 Flow Sheet 04:52 Titanium Mineral Study 06:05 What about this Scandium in Salazar? 07:32 Is Newmont more of a Critical Minerals project as opposed to a Rare Earth project? 09:02 Is there enough volume for the other commodities to be economical? 10:47 What triggers should investors look for to take a position in companies like WC1? 12:55 All about Scandium 14:40 Why is Scandium exciting? 15:43 The high pricing of Scandium. 16:41 Supply bottleneck may be changing 17:50 US Defense Department looking out for Scandium 18:24 Solid oxide fuel cell use of Scandium - green fuel transition 19:13 Where will the new mines come from - reasons why Newmont is the front runner 19:46 Newmont may have a potential positive metallurgical pathway 21:17 High grade vs. normal grade of Scandium 22:48 News Flow 24:43 A Natural pivot for WC1 25:49 Last words from Matt 26:57 Conclusion PODCAST About Matt Szwedzicki Managing Director Matt Szwedzicki has over 20 years of corporate and commercial experience, having worked in senior leadership roles with a focus on M&A, corporate growth and investment strategy. Matt co-founded and is the Managing Director of Spark New Energies, an energy company with its main assets in the UK. Prior to that Matt held various executive corporate and commercial roles in the energy and resources industries. About West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX:WC1) is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. The Salazar REE Project The Salazar Project comprises granted tenements E63/1469 and E63/1496 located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep water port of Esperance (Figure 1). In terms of geological setting, it is situated in the eastern part of the Proterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, east of the Biranup and Fraser Zones, straddling the Heywood-Newman Shear Zone and Nornalup Zone. REE mineralisation at the Newmont deposit (E63/1496) is hosted by in-situ regolith over Proterozoic-aged basement rocks. A geological model has been proposed by Salazar Minerals whereby granites containing REE carbonates and other REE minerals are the source rocks for secondary REE mineralisation in the overlying saprolite profile. Mineralogical studies have indicated that the saprolite targets contain fine-grained secondary REE-bearing phosphates. Newmont Mineral Resource Salazar Minerals was one of the first companies to appreciate the potential for clay REE deposits in Australia. The tenements were first acquired in 2011 (granted in 2012) with the private company carrying out several aircore drilling programs to test for REE mineralisation. In total 165 aircore and RC holes for 6393m have been drilled within the tenements, leading to the discovery and delineation of the Newmont deposit. ​CSA Global ("CSA") was engaged by Salazar Minerals to estimate a Mineral Resource for the Newmont deposit in 2015. CSA estimated an Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code (2012). The Newmont deposit also hosts an Inferred Mineral Resource of 31.2% Al2O3 (15% Al cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code 2012 (Table 2). The high-grade alumina within kaolin-rich zones has potential to be feedstock for production of high purity alumina. ​Lab test work demonstrates that this material shows high leach extraction and high purification grades to produce 99.99% (4N) High Purity Alumina (HPA). O’Connor Prospect The Salazar Project also includes the O’Connor prospect (E63/1469) which is located 10 kms to the south-east of the Newmont Deposit. The O’Connor Prospect has 32 vertical holes drilled for a total of 901 meters. Some of the drill intersections at O’Connor include: ​ SAC160, 19m @ 1939 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m SAC161, 20m @ 2392 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 7m SAC162, 19m @ 1350 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 17m SAC179, 9m @ 3258 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 14m SAC178, 10m @ 1586 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 10m SAC188, 23m @ 1454 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 16m SAC157, 17m @ 1186 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 15m SAC159, 12m @ 1110 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m Newmont Metallurgy & Studies Technical work on the deposit has involved reputable institutions including the CSIRO, the University of Western Australia and the University of Newcastle and mineral processing firms Nagrom and Amdel. Early metallurgical studies and characterisation testwork show the REE clays are amenable to acid leach processing Magnet rare earths (MREO) - Neodymium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium and Terbium concentrations up to 25% Heavy rare earth (HREO) concentrations up to 30% Critical rare earth (CREO) concentrations up to 37% Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south-southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Coffee with Samso Episode 197 is with Sam Pazuki, Managing Director and CEO of AuMega Metals Limited (ASX: AAM) The AuMega Metals Limited (previously known as Matador Mining Limited) story has come a long way since our first conversation in April 2020. The developing story is now moving into the next phase as the 2024 field season begins. In this episode of Coffee with Samso Episode 197, Sam shares with us the philosophy of the company, the strategy for AuMega Metals and the reasoning behind the rebranding exercise. AuMega is well supported with an international miner, B2Gold Corp. as a major shareholder and that clearly shows the confidence the shareholders have in the AuMega Metals Limited story. Samso's Conclusion For those readers who have been followers of the Coffee with Samso series, it is common knowledge that I am a big fan of the AuMega story (formerly Matador Mining Limited). I have always said that the biggest value adding process for shareholders is to look for your own discovery. Promoters in this space preach that the refurbishing of projects is more cost effective but in practice this is more of a myth than a reality. The strategy by the management of AuMega is disciplined and with the stewardship of Justin Osborne (ex-Gold Road Resources) leading the technical search and the corporate influenced Sam Pazuki, I am in no doubt that the mineral exploration will prove their strategy to be fruitful. The rebranding is clearly a means of aligning the company name with its purpose for finding large economical deposits. The projects that are in the portfolio is the reason why "Mega" projects will be discovered. This is what I call a mineral province play to ensure the largest probability to discover economical deposit. As the new drilling season starts to take shape, the next phase of the results will be highly anticipated from the company's shareholders. With B2Gold as a shareholder, one has to recognised that B2Gold is not here for a slim chance of discovery. The positioning is well thought and the target company is selected for its vast portfolio. Tune in and start putting your thinking cap on and do some good old fashion DYOR. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:06 All About AuMega Metals Limited. 02:48 Is Cape Ray still the Main Story? 04:26 Is there more love for companies like AuMega now? 07:01 Fair valuation due to a bearish equity market. 09:37 The need for District Scale Potential. 10:57 What have been the learnings from your exploration activities? 13:37 Long term exploration programs create the value for shareholders. 15:58 Short-Term and Long-Term Prize. 18:14 Taking Risks and Exploration Success. 20:40 What is the direction for Gold ? 23:09 Why is there a disconnect between gold equities and the gold price? 25:20 What is the Exit timing for potential investors? 27:48 News Flow for AuMega Metals. 29:48 Why invest in AuMega? 30:55 Big Brother Influence for Large Deposit Discoveries. 32:36 Conclusions PODCAST About Sam Pazuki Managing Director and CEO Mr Pazuki is based in Toronto and has over 20 years of mining industry experience in senior leadership positions. He joined AuMEGA as CEO / MD after nearly ten years with previously dual-listed OceanaGold Corporation (TSX: OGC), where he led the Investor Relations and Corporate Development functions. Prior to OceanaGold, Mr Pazuki advised major mining companies, including BHP Billiton, as a management consultant within Ernst & Young’s Advisory Services practice in Toronto, and was part of a team that helped establish a Climate Change and Sustainability practice for the firm. Mr Pazuki is a member of the Professional Engineers of Ontario and has a Bachelor of Engineering Degree and a Masters of Finance. Mr Pazuki’s extensive global capital markets network and gold industry leadership expertise allows AuMEGA to leverage its current and future success as it grows the business, successfully advances its Newfoundland portfolio and expands the Company’s shareholder base in North America. About AuMega Metals Limited (ASX: AAM) AuMEGA Metals Ltd (ASX:AAM | OTCQB:MZZMF) (formally Matador Mining Limited) is an exploration company focused on making gold discoveries in Newfoundland, Canada. The Company is one of only four gold companies with a defined gold Mineral Resource, currently 610,000 ounces grading 1.96 grams per tonne. AuMEGA is well positioned with an extensive land package comprising 120-kilometres of continuous strike along the under-explored, multi-million-ounce Cape Ray Shear, a prolific gold structure in Newfoundland that currently hosts several major mineral deposits. Additionally, the Company holds 27- kilometres of continuous strike at the Hermitage prospect which is located on the highly prospective Hermitage Flexure. The Company also has an Option Agreement over the Blue Cove Copper Project in southeastern Newfoundland, which is highly prospective for copper and other base metals. AuMEGA acknowledges the financial support of the Junior Exploration Assistance Program, Department of Industry, Energy and Technology, Provincial Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Coffee with Samso Episode 179 is with Matt Szwedzicki, Managing Director of West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) Szwedzicki is the new managing director of West Cobar and he assures shareholders that it's business as usual. The recent news from the company is evident that the exploration objectives are all status quo. To the followers of Samso, you would remember that in my previous conversation with West Cobar Metals, we highlighted the Salazar Rare Earth project. The Salazar project has a slightly different edge as it is hosted in an ultramafic rock, Amphibolite. Since that time, I have had many discussions on the increased awareness of different host rocks. Traditionally the clay REE sector was all about granitic host rocks, but I have now come across WC1 and then Australian Rare Earths Ltd. The big question is whether these different host rocks make any difference. Szwedzicki gives us an update on the company about its recent announcements and the change in management. The West Cobar REE Story West Cobar is a mineral exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. Their projects include: ​1. The Salazar REE Project​ The Salazar Rare Earths Clay Project is located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep-water port of Esperance in Western Australia. The Newmont deposit, located on the easternmost tenement at Salazar, contains an estimated JORC Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off). The O’Connor prospect to the west of Newmont has potential to host further significant high-grade rare earths mineralization. 2. Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (OTCQB:ABML) (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ 3. Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south, southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Samso's Conclusion In my opinion, the Clay REE story is a developing concept. When the "boom" happened, I posed the question to the companies that were engaging in Coffee with Samso - "What is a good intersection?" Then I asked, "What should investors look for, and, since now we are at the stage where we are asking, how leachable is your material?" So now the market is thinking that ionic clays are the type you want to discover as these types leach better. Well, that may be true but there is no other way to know if you are Ionic or not, other than to send your samples to the lab. The implication of this is, what are we exploring for, and how are we going to know if the discovery is indeed "Clay" or "Ionic" in nature. The majority of explorers are looking for REE in a Granitic environment but Salazar is in an ultramafic basement and the AR3 example is in a limestone. So, what does all this mean? My thoughts are that the "news" that Ionic is more leachable than Clay may not necessary be the end game. I think the truth will only be told when the lab results are finalised. What is for sure is that the different chemistry must play some part in the leaching side of the equation. Salazar is distinctly different so the jury is definitely still out on all fronts. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:20 Introduction 01:12 Who is Matt Szwedzicki? 05:28 Updates on West Cobar projects 09:26 Feedback on West Cobar projects 12:15 The Rare Earths market 14:01 The Hermit Hill project 15:41 How should investors look at West Cobar? 19:33 Discussion about ionic leaching 24:03 News flow 26:38 Why West Cobar Metals Limited? 27:25 Conclusion PODCAST About Matt Szwedzicki Managing Director Matt Szwedzicki has over 20 years of corporate and commercial experience, having worked in senior leadership roles with a focus on M&A, corporate growth and investment strategy. Matt co-founded and is the Managing Director of Spark New Energies, an energy company with its main assets in the UK. Prior to that Matt held various executive corporate and commercial roles in the energy and resources industries. About West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX:WC1) is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. The Salazar REE Project The Salazar Project comprises granted tenements E63/1469 and E63/1496 located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep water port of Esperance (Figure 1). In terms of geological setting, it is situated in the eastern part of the Proterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, east of the Biranup and Fraser Zones, straddling the Heywood-Newman Shear Zone and Nornalup Zone. REE mineralisation at the Newmont deposit (E63/1496) is hosted by in-situ regolith over Proterozoic-aged basement rocks. A geological model has been proposed by Salazar Minerals whereby granites containing REE carbonates and other REE minerals are the source rocks for secondary REE mineralisation in the overlying saprolite profile. Mineralogical studies have indicated that the saprolite targets contain fine-grained secondary REE-bearing phosphates. Newmont Mineral Resource Salazar Minerals was one of the first companies to appreciate the potential for clay REE deposits in Australia. The tenements were first acquired in 2011 (granted in 2012) with the private company carrying out several aircore drilling programs to test for REE mineralisation. In total 165 aircore and RC holes for 6393m have been drilled within the tenements, leading to the discovery and delineation of the Newmont deposit. ​CSA Global ("CSA") was engaged by Salazar Minerals to estimate a Mineral Resource for the Newmont deposit in 2015. CSA estimated an Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code (2012). The Newmont deposit also hosts an Inferred Mineral Resource of 31.2% Al2O3 (15% Al cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code 2012 (Table 2). The high-grade alumina within kaolin-rich zones has potential to be feedstock for production of high purity alumina. ​Lab test work demonstrates that this material shows high leach extraction and high purification grades to produce 99.99% (4N) High Purity Alumina (HPA). O’Connor Prospect The Salazar Project also includes the O’Connor prospect (E63/1469) which is located 10 kms to the south-east of the Newmont Deposit. The O’Connor Prospect has 32 vertical holes drilled for a total of 901 meters. Some of the drill intersections at O’Connor include: ​ SAC160, 19m @ 1939 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m SAC161, 20m @ 2392 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 7m SAC162, 19m @ 1350 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 17m SAC179, 9m @ 3258 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 14m SAC178, 10m @ 1586 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 10m SAC188, 23m @ 1454 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 16m SAC157, 17m @ 1186 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 15m SAC159, 12m @ 1110 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m Newmont Metallurgy & Studies Technical work on the deposit has involved reputable institutions including the CSIRO, the University of Western Australia and the University of Newcastle and mineral processing firms Nagrom and Amdel. Early metallurgical studies and characterisation testwork show the REE clays are amenable to acid leach processing Magnet rare earths (MREO) - Neodymium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium and Terbium concentrations up to 25% Heavy rare earth (HREO) concentrations up to 30% Critical rare earth (CREO) concentrations up to 37% Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south-southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

I've been following Castillo Copper Limited (ASX: CCZ) for the past year, and I believe it has the potential to be one of the best copper stocks on the ASX. Although it's a small-cap stock, I think it could have some upside. I've traded the stock and was a shareholder for a good 12 months. This company could be a dark horse in the sector with time and effort. Jump to: About Castillo Copper Limited Corporate Information Project Location Historical Facts Why the interest? The Stockpile My Concerns Why am I so interested in the Base Metal Story? Copper Pricing Mystic In Conclusion About Castillo Copper Limited Castillo Copper Limited (ASX: CCZ) is an ASX-listed base metal explorer with its flagship project being the historic Cangai Copper Mine near Grafton in northeast NSW. The project consists of a volcanogenic massive sulphide ore deposit, and it has one of Australia's highest grade JORC compliant Inferred Resources for copper: 3.2Mt @ 3.35% (as of September 6, 2017). In terms of contained metal, the Inferred Resource includes 107,600t Cu, 11,900t Zn, 2.1Moz Ag, and 82,900 Moz Au. One positive aspect is the presence of supergene ore with up to 35% copper and 10% zinc, which is ideal for direct shipping ore. Additionally, the project holds five historic stockpiles of high-grade ore located near Cangai Copper Mine. Corporate Information Information based on the September presentation: Total Shares Issued: 580.1M Options: 84.5M Market Cap: AUD$24.9M Cash At Bank: AUD$1.7M The company has four projects in Australia, and one in Chile: Jackaderry Project (100%, New South Wales): 3 prospects including the Cangai Copper Mine; Broken Hill Project (100%, New South Wales): 2 prospects; Mt Oxide Project (100%, Queensland): 4 prospects; Marlborough Project (under application, Queensland): 3 prospects; and Chilean Projects (100%). My primary focus was on the Cangai Copper Mine. While the other projects may have potential, I believe that Cangai is more developed and has a stronger narrative to offer the market. Project Location The Cangai project in northern NSW has the perfect location as it has the infrastructure you would need to make the project work if it were to ever become a realistic proposition. If you have read any of my postings, you would know that my preference when it comes to projects is one with the least amount of things to do - things that do not relate to drilling for results. Historical Facts The mine operated from 1904 to 1917 and was evaluated by Western Mining from 1982 to 1984 and CRA Exploration from 1990 to 1992. Unfortunately, due to tough economic conditions during both periods, no progress was made. However, CCZ's geology team has confirmed a JORC Inferred Resource of 3.2Mt @ 3.35% Cu, which is a significant finding. The next step is to focus on proving this resource and increasing its size in the southern part of the project area. It's worth noting that within 5km of the Cangai Mine, there is the smaller historic Smelter Creek Copper Mine and several highly mineralised satellite deposits. One of the key features of the Cangai Mine is the discovery of supergene ore, which contains up to 35 percent Cu and 10 percent Zn. This is a relatively rare geological occurrence. What makes supergene ore special is, if the grade is high enough, it can potentially be directly shipped to customers. This is advantageous because it avoids costly processing costs, resulting in high operating margins. Why the interest? Firstly, I don't believe this project falls under the category of "Don't drill a perfectly good project". What intrigues me about this project is that it hasn't received much attention in decades. Unlike projects that have been recycled from the 80s or 90s, this one has remained relatively untouched. Although it was explored to some extent, no significant work has been done on it. As the grandchild of a gold miner from the 1940s and 1950s, I have a deep appreciation for the primitive mining methods used back then, which lacked precision in mine planning. It is precisely this lack of precision that gives me hope and optimism for the project. In those days, miners would focus on extracting the higher grade materials and leave behind the "lower grades". Considering the size of the old mine and the recent drilling results that the management has found or reconfirmed, it's hard not to have high hopes for the project's success. Figure 3 The two diagrams above really showcase the potential of this area. It's easy to see why one might think it could be suitable for an open pit approach, given how mineralised it appears. However, it's important to note that schematic diagrams can sometimes be a bit misleading. That being said, the intercepts are incredibly encouraging. The exciting part, as I may have mentioned before, is the unknown. We don't yet know just how big this mine could be if management handles it properly (refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4). The type of mineralisation we're dealing with here has allowed management to explore the wider area for other forms of mineralisation. A recent announcement even suggests the possibility of parallel lodes based on some indicative surface sampling (refer to Figure 5). I should mention that surface sampling has led many companies down a path of disappointment in the past. However, it's still a positive sign, as I firmly believe that where there's smoke, there must be fire. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The Stockpile Within the area, the company possesses multiple stockpiles of copper ore (Figure 6). Through metallurgical studies, the company has demonstrated a copper concentrate recovery rate exceeding 80 percent, with a grade of up to 22 percent. If successful, this endeavour will serve as a lucrative means to finance future exploration efforts. The business model is straightforward: extract the ore from the stockpile, concentrate it, and sell it. My Concerns This company has been making promises about positive activity on the project for quite some time. I decided to sell my stock because I couldn't understand why it was taking so long to get things done. As the share price started to decline, I decided to take my profit and wait. With the share price hanging around the 2c area, I lost interest as I basically lost confidence on the whole story. When the share price started to rise again, I hoped that it meant progress was finally being made. I've been watching from the sidelines, trying to understand the processes. It seems that a capital raising will happen soon. I'm curious to see if the rising share price is solely due to the need for funds. If it is, then I'll probably continue to wait on the sidelines for a bit longer. Why am I so interested in the Base Metal Story? I've been keeping an eye on the commodity prices over the past year, and I've noticed an interesting trend. Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Lead, and Aluminium all seem to be hovering around their 50 percent retracement value, which is quite intriguing. Now, I'm no expert, but I do enjoy observing trends. Currently, copper, nickel, and to a lesser extent zinc are showing signs of a bullish uptrend. It's like they went for a run, took a breather, and now they might be gearing up for another surge. If you take a look at the charts below, you'll see that they all look pretty similar. Of course, you can interpret them however you like, but I believe the groundwork has been laid for these commodities to experience higher pricing. This aligns with my previous post where I mentioned the rising nickel price. Copper Pricing Mystic Copper pricing has long been regarded as a reliable indicator of the global economy's performance. Referred to as 'Dr. Copper' in certain circles, copper is an abundant and affordable metal with a wide range of valuable properties. It possesses excellent resistance to corrosion and serves as an efficient conductor of both electricity and heat. When the price of copper rises, it signifies a thriving global economy, indicating increased demand for copper in various industries. This upward trend suggests that we are currently experiencing growth in the world economy after a period of decline, making it a positive indicator of this progress. Conversely, when the global economy experiences a downturn, the price of copper tends to decline as well. Over the past century, just “industrial” demand alone for refined copper has increased from 500,000 metric tons to over 19 million metric tons. As our increasingly smaller world continues to experience population growth along with the progressive expansion, the demand for copper will exponentially increase. — oilprice.com In Conclusion I typically invest in small-cap stocks, and as an exploration geologist, I am particularly drawn to the excitement of discovery. That's why I see potential in CCZ. However, I do have some reservations. Firstly, I find it difficult to grasp the timeline of activities. Secondly, I am concerned about the upcoming capital raising and how it will affect the entry price of the stock. Apart from these concerns, I am intrigued by the story. *Please note that I am not a shareholder and I am not providing any advice to buy or sell the stock. These are just my personal thoughts. Source: The information in regards to the company and the project has all been obtained from the announcements and presentations that are posted on the website of Castillo Copper LImited. The project location plane was obtained from the article written by Proactive Investors on Castillo Copper. The charts were taken from CommSec. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso

Coffee with Samso Episode 181 is with Richard Brescianini, Executive Director of Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) The HRE story is a management-focused project led by Richard Brescianini, a highly experienced operator in the REE industry, and people like him are few and far between. His insights into the sector are extremely valuable, especially considering the lack of visibility to non-China related industries. Richard's time with Arafura Resources Limited is invaluable to the company. In this episode, you will get to know Richard and understand his thinking process as he drives the current project forward. Speaking with Richard, it becomes clear that he operates on a different wavelength. Viewers of Coffee with Samso should take away the fact that Richard is a skilled practitioner in a complex industry with its fair share of secrets. Richard has personally visited the factories that produce magnets and has engaged with both factories and refineries competing in an economy controlled by a State. It is interesting to note that while the Chinese State acts as the ultimate puppeteer, they also foster fierce competition within the sector to drive productivity. The HRE Story The story of Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX:HRE) is all about the Cowalinya project in Western Australia. The project is located 70km south-east of Norseman, a small gold mining town 187km directly south of Kalgoorlie. Figure 1: Location of the Cowalinya project in Western Australia. (Source: Heavy Rare Earths Limited) The Cowalinya area was primarily chosen on the basis of historical drilling which indicated the presence of anomalous rare earths in fresh bedrock and higher grade supergene concentrations of rare earths in the overlying in-situ weathered saprolite profile. Samso's Conclusion Over the past 24 months, the Samso platform has had the privilege of showcasing a series of Clay Rare Earth stories. It has truly demonstrated why Samso's stories are effective and educational, and pique investor interest. The complexity of understanding the Clay REE business is precisely why the Coffee with Samso conversations with experts like Richard Brescianini are so valuable. In the case of Heavy Rare Earth, Richard emphasises the importance of leaching the REE out with acids and finding the right balance between cost and profits. Essentially, the market price needs to be higher than the cost of extracting the metals. Richard's extensive industry experience and understanding of the complexities behind the scenes in China give him a unique advantage that his peers may not possess. One key takeaway from these conversations is that there is no longer any doubt about the ability to extract the metals. Numerous companies have released metallurgical results showing successful extraction. The focus now shifts to having the necessary resources, grade, and ingredients to make things happen. If someone discovers a more efficient method to extract a greater amount of metals from any grade, it would be a game-changer. It appears that the HRE resource will be substantially upgraded, with a higher grade than initially stated. The REE business is a long-term game, and wise investors should do their own research (DYOR) and consider long-term investment strategies. Looking ahead, a potential partnership in non-China based downstream operations could be the next step for HRE. This would add further value to the process. The Esperance region is an ideal location for such partnerships, especially if non-China economies aim to establish a stronger foothold in the supply of REE and manufacturing. It would be a logical decision for the Australian government to support the creation of value-adding industries in this area. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:43 Who is Richard Brescianini? 01:36 All about HRE 02:50 The HRE advantage in terms of metallurgy 10:01 Is there a geological control on the grade? 14:07 Is it all about labs now? 18:30 Ionic or non-ionic are not deal-breakers 22:34 Game changer in the clay sector 25:31 Importance of geological advantage 29:13 Future demand of the REE market 32:47 What needs to go right for HRE and what could go wrong for the likes of HRE? 39:20 The positives and negatives of the market 45:45 Economics in the REE market 49:41 News flow 52:27 Why HRE? 57:16 Conclusion PODCAST About Richard Brescianini Executive Director Richard commenced his career in mineral exploration with BHP Minerals in 1987 working in teams focused on the discovery of base and precious metal deposits across Australia and North America from offices in Brisbane, Perth, Toronto and Denver. Richard’s experience extends further, including his time working as the Director of the Northern Territory Government’s Geological Survey in Darwin, and being part of the executive management team for rare earths developer, Arafura Resources. About Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX:HRE) is an Australian rare earth exploration and development company. Rare earth materials are used in a wide array of technology and future facing applications, including smart phones, wind energy, and hybrid and electric vehicles. HRE’s key exploration project is Cowalinya, near Norseman in Western Australia. This is a clay-hosted rare earth project with a JORC Inferred Resource of 28Mt @ 625ppm TREO and a desirable rare earth composition where 25% are the valuable magnet rare earths and 23% the strategic heavy rare earths. The company has completed a 441 drill hole program confirming widespread occurrence of shallow, thick and/or high grade rare earth mineralisation. The Company anticipates a Mineral Resource update and an estimate Exploration Target for the project in Q3 2023 Cowalinya Project - Western Australia The Cowalinya rare earth project is located 70 km south-east of Norseman in Western Australia. It comprises a single 230 km2 exploration licence E63/1972 on unallocated crown land hosting dominantly granitic type rocks in the Central Biranup Zone of the Albany Fraser Orogen. (See Figure 1 above) The mineralisation being targeted is shallow, flat lying, supergene concentrations of rare earths present in the weathering profile overlying granitic basement. This mineralisation is similar in style to southern Chinese ionic rare earth clay deposits, the world’s main source of heavy rare earths. Although this type of rare earth deposit is low grade, low-cost open pit mining and simple inexpensive metallurgy make them profitable to exploit. The Cowalinya area was primarily chosen on the basis of historical drilling which indicated the presence of anomalous rare earths in fresh bedrock and higher grade supergene concentrations of rare earths in the overlying in-situ weathered saprolite profile. In June 2021 HRE drilled 109 aircore holes at Cowalinya by HRE discovered significant supergene concentrations of rare earths in two areas, Cowalinya South and North. The rare earths mineralisation, occurring as flat lying sheets within the in-situ clay-rich weathered saprolite, is contained within an average ~8-9 m thick layer which starts ~17-18 m below surface. Independent resource consultant JMCT Consulting was engaged to prepare and report Cowalinya’s maiden Inferred Mineral Resource estimate for the project in accordance with the 2012 JORC Code: 28 Mt @ 625 ppm TREO (Total Rare Earth Oxides) using a 300 ppm TREO-Cerium Oxide (CeO2) cut-off grade. Importantly, the resource has a desirable rare earths composition where 25% are the valuable magnet rare earths and 23% the strategic heavy rare earths, and very low average concentrations of radioelements (15 ppm ThO2, 5 ppm U3O8). Mr John Tyrrell of JMCT Consulting is the Competent Person for the Cowalinya Mineral Resource estimate (in accordance with 2012 JORC Code). TREO = La2O3+CeO2+Pr6O11+Nd2O3+Sm2O3+Eu2O3+Gd2O3+Tb4O7+Dy2O3+Ho2O3+Er2O3+Tm2O3+Yb2O3+Lu2O3+Y2O3. Magnet REOs = Pr6O11+Nd2O3+Tb4O7+Dy2O3 ; Totals may not add due to rounding ; Reported above a TREO-CeO2 cut-off grade of 300 ppm The resource at Cowalinya remains open in all lateral directions and currently covers only a small proportion (<1.5%) of the project tenement. Preliminary metallurgical test-work on 40 samples from the 2021 drilling program shows the rare earths are successfully brought into solution using a weak hydrochloric acid leach. Recoveries of >90% for some of the rare earths have been achieved. Resource Exploration and Expansion Drilling Program – 2023 The Company has successfully completed a 441-hole resource exploration and expansion drilling program at Cowalinya (refer to ASX announcements). These assays confirmed the widespread occurrence of shallow, thick and/or high-grade rare earth mineralisation in clay-rich saprolite over a 14 x 3-kilometre area west and south-west of the Cowalinya South deposit (Figure 1). This Western Zone discovery is open to the north and northwest, has an average thickness of 11.3 metres, and includes the following significant drill intercepts (on a grade-thickness basis) reported during the quarter: 19 metres @ 3190 ppm TREO from 16 metres (AC225) 10 metres @ 2087 ppm TREO from 17 metres (AC221) 26 metres @ 1201 ppm TREO from 19 metres (AC360) 17 metres @ 1069 ppm TREO from 11 metres (AC223) 42 metres @ 790 ppm TREO from 12 metres (AC226) Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Declaration: I am a shareholder of Peak Minerals Limited, and this review has not been endorsed by the company, nor has it been sponsored by any other party in any form (cash, shares, or options). The information provided in this blog is for informational purposes only and reflects my personal views and analysis. It is not intended to promote the company or create speculation. Readers should conduct their own research and seek professional advice before making any investment decisions. Astute investors will vouch that there is no such thing as a perfect investment opportunity, and this is Samso encourage followers to instead look for the ideal Risk-Reward proposition. However. Investors continue to look for that perfect investment opportunity that is, for some reason is extremely hard to find. For investors in the ASX (Australian Stock Exchange) mineral exploration sector, what does an ideal Risk-Reward proposition look like? Well, from my perspective, what we see commonly on the Samso platform is that the larger percentage of people we come across do one of two things: educate themselves and know the facts and ignore or filter out the noise, or just listen to the noise and hope for the best :-). Investors often talk about “genuine discoveries,” and they often point to big gold systems, new copper belts, or rare earth anomalies. But now and then, a story emerges that goes beyond the usual noise—a story that rewrites the map. That story, right now, is the Minta Rutile Project in Central Cameroon. This reminds me of the time we published the story of Champion Iron Limited (ASX:CIA) and Canyon Resources Limited (ASX:CAY) On the 26th February 2019, we published a Samso Insight on Champion Iron (Champion Iron Limited (ASX: CIA, TSX: CIA) - An emerging Iron Ore company) who were and are still mining magnetite ore in Canada. This was one of the best stories to come out during that period. In my opinion, this is remains a great story that has a version two in Cyclone Metals Limited (ASX:CLE). The Canyon Resources Limited story was published on the 11th March 2020 (The Best Small-Cap Bauxite Companies on the ASX) and that was a bauxite story in Cameroon. That was the first time I started to learn about a bulk commodity story that was not iron ore. The Champion Iron and Canyon Resources stories helped me understand that these kinds of projects lead to real value propositions for the small-cap ASX companies. This is the very reason, the Peak Minerals story resonated with me after understanding the immense value creation that came from Champion Iron, Canyon Resources and now Cyclone Metals. It is comforting to see that Canyon, whose project is in Cameroon, is progressing into the final mining process as we speak (Port Access Approval Received as Last Key Item for FID at Minim Martap Bauxite Project). What better way to give comfort to the potential questions on jurisdiction risk? Figure 1: Location of the Minta project in Cameroon. (source: Peak Minerals Limited) Spanning approximately 8,800km² (Figure 1) and backed by 18 granted exploration permits and 3 applications, Minta is not just about geology—it’s about timing, market demand, and vision. It’s the kind of project that redefines a company, a region, and potentially, an entire commodity space. A Discovery Rooted in Forgotten Archives As I have mentioned, I met up with the CEO of Peak Minerals, Casper Adson, and we had a good chat about the project and how this opportunity for the company came about with good fortune and some tenacity from the Directors. At the heart of this discovery is Phil Gallagher, Non-Executive Director of Peak Minerals Limited, a geologist with over a decade of in-country experience in Cameroon. Armed with nothing more than local knowledge, historical whispers, and a dusty French BRGM report from the 1950s—scanned, handwritten, and, of course, entirely in French—Phil and his local partners went back to basics. Non-Executive Director Phil Gallagher commented: “It’s a genuine discovery in an area that nobody realized held rutile—except maybe the French, briefly, seven decades ago.” Initial field samples were flown back to Perth. What came back from the lab wasn’t just positive—it was electric. The samples confirmed high-grade residual and alluvial rutile, along with angular rutile nuggets—a rarity in the mineral sands space. This was no coincidence. This was a new rutile province. A Rare Gem in the Titanium Supply Chain Rutile is a premium feedstock in the titanium industry, boasting up to 95% TiO₂ content, compared to the 45–65% typically seen in ilmenite. As Casper Adson, CEO of Peak Minerals, explains: “There hasn’t been a new rutile discovery globally since Sovereign Metals’ Kasiya Project five years ago. The scarcity is real. Rutile production has dropped from a million tonnes per year to just half that.” What makes rutile so compelling is not just its rarity—it’s the value uplift it brings to processors and end users. With titanium feedstocks in high demand and supply tightening, projects like Minta are being viewed with renewed urgency. Fresh Results Confirm the Scale – 28km of Mineralisation Unfolds In a follow-up announcement dated 21 May 2025, Peak Minerals reported another step change in the Minta discovery story. The second batch of drill results reveals a 28km mineralised strike, extending significantly northwest of the initial discovery holes (Figure 3). Importantly, every hole intersected Heavy Mineral (HM) content from surface to the end of hole, with some standout intercepts (Figure 2): 3.1m @ 8.4% HM 6.8m @ 2.8% HM 3.5m @ 5.0% HM 1.2m @ 8.5% HM 6.3m @ 2.4% HM Figure 2: Inset from Figure 3 showing detail of significant HM intercepts across 28km at Minta Rutile Project. (source: PUA ASX Announcement 21 May 2025) All this across wide spacing, in an area never previously tested by modern methods. The 63.2% rutile assemblage in discovery holes remains the benchmark, and the kicker is that these numbers do not yet include the +1mm rutile nuggets, which could significantly boost total HM grades when assays come in. Casper Adson, CEO, Peak Minerals, summed it up best: “These results reinforce the scale of the Minta Project, underscoring its potential as a new source of rutile and potentially a globally significant rutile province” Figure 3: Minta Rutile Project confirms a further 28km zone of mineralisation adjacent to discovery hole of 4m at 1.05% rutile. (source: PUA ASX Announcement 21 May 2025) What Does it Mean? This is a very important step in defining the potential for the Minta project. In my opinion, that is also a shareholder opinion; the results has kind of validated the potential size of the project ASX release on the 12th May 2025 - Discovery of Rutile Province in Cameroon. The size implication can now be backed up with some facts, and you can see that in Figures 2 and 3 above. The 28km strike length is very important, and the regional potential is highlighted in Figure 4 below. Time will tell whether my assumptions are vindicated but the signs are looking positive at the moment. One other major factor to consider is that the oversized samples have not been factored into the assays. This will be like isolating the supergene numbers from your drilling intercepts in a gold project. We all know that the grades are typically higher and more consistent in the supergene layer, so adding that into your "good" results will definitely impact positively, assuming that the oversize particles from Minta are carrying higher numbers. What’s Next for Minta? Phase 1 drilling is complete over a broad 1km x 10km grid. Phase 2 is now underway, extending reconnaissance across the 7,000km² tenement, with a further 134 drill holes planned (Figure 4). These are targeting both residual rutile zones and the structural basement rocks believed to be the source of high-grade shedding. Sample preparation and analysis will continue through the wet season, with selected samples also being tested for gold, particularly in the northeast, where artisanal activity and granitic intrusions coincide. The company aims to define higher-grade zones for focused infill drilling and to advance the project towards a maiden Mineral Resource Estimate by 2026. Figure 4: Minta Rutile Project Phase 2 planned residual drilling (source: PUA ASX Announcement 21 May 2025) Why Cameroon? Why Now? There’s a quiet but firm shift happening in Cameroon. According to Phil, three mining licenses have recently been granted, including one from his previous venture. Construction has already begun. “The Ministry of Mines is supportive. The country wants mining to happen—it’s not just policy, it’s action.” In a world where securing large-scale tenure in underexplored terrain is increasingly difficult, Cameroon stands out as one of the last great frontiers. Minta, until recently, wasn’t just underexplored—it was unexplored. Samso’s Concluding Comments The Minta Rutile Project is a rare and refreshing example of what genuine mineral discovery looks like. It’s not just about high-grade rutile—it’s about rediscovering forgotten geological potential and breathing new life into a region that was left untouched for over half a century. What Phil and the team have achieved, starting with historical BRGM data and turning it into a large-scale, drill-confirmed discovery, is the kind of story we don’t see often in today’s exploration landscape. In a world where rutile supply is dwindling and demand for titanium feedstocks is climbing, Minta couldn’t have come at a better time. The combination of residual, alluvial, and nugget-style mineralisation across thousands of square kilometres makes this more than a single deposit—it hints at an emerging province. With assays still pending and more drilling underway, it’s clear that we’re only scratching the surface of what’s possible here. Figure 5: A model showing the styles of HMS rutile mineralisation on major HMS projects globally and on the Minta Rutile Project deposit model. (source Peak Minerals Limited) One of the exciting aspects of the project is the potential mineralisation style, which the company is proposing for its Minta project. As you can see in Figure 5, the model shows the different styles in which a rutile deposit could be deposited. The different styles are created depending on their life cycle over the geological time of mineralisation (creation), weathering, and erosion. The potential of Minta, if proven to be correct, is that it may be similar to what Sovereign Metals Limited is proposing for its deposit in Malawi. A deposit that stems from the development of a regolith weathering profile, which ultimately is a process of enrichment in situ, is the best scenario for Sovereign Metals and maybe Peak Minerals. It is the best mineralisation environment to be in, as there has been no loss of bulk through the process of erosion. You are basically in the pot that is brewing the broth. In closing, I think the latest ASX release may have allowed some form of comparison with Sovereign Metals and that may give investors and potential investors some kind of understanding of the potential size for Minta. If you take the current known size of the mineral resource that Sovereign has released to the market, a comparison to potential of Minta, that conversation will be interesting. Now we all know that this is paper comparisons at this stage, and paper results are good for many things other than our wishes and expectations. Cameroon’s rise as a mining destination adds another layer of significance, as I have mentioned with the Canyon Resources Bauxite project. With government support, available ground, and a growing appetite for investment, the country appears to be ready to host a new generation of mineral projects. The Minta project isn’t just leading that charge—it’s setting the tone and joining the many profitable mining projects in Africa. For those watching the titanium market, this is one discovery you don’t want to ignore. Happy investing and remember, always DYOR. To support our independent nature of our work, please head over to our Support Page and give us a helping hand in any of the ways listed. This is a new initiate for the Samso Platform, and it was always the concept of Samso when we started this journey in 2018. Cover photo: Rutile (20241027), Fumikas Sagisavas. CC0, via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutile_(20241027).jpg) Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. Download eBook If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me at noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research.

Announcement: NEUROSCIENTIFIC TO ACQUIRE LEADING STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY NeuroScientific Biopharmaceuticals Ltd (ASX:NSB) has made a decisive move with its proposed acquisition of StemSmart™, a patented mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) technology. This isn’t just another biotech transaction — it signals a strategic leap into the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine, positioning NSB to capitalise on one of the most promising frontiers in modern healthcare. StemSmart, developed by Isopogen WA Ltd, has already shown compelling clinical outcomes in patients with refractory Crohn’s disease. The product has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, making it a potential game-changer across a range of immune-mediated conditions. “We’re incredibly excited to add mesenchymal stem cell technology to our growing portfolio. This acquisition not only complements our existing pipeline of therapeutic peptides, but also strategically positions us at the forefront of next-generation biologics.”— Dr. Anton Uvarov, Founding Director, NSB A Snapshot of the Acquisition NeuroScientific is acquiring 100% of Isopogen WA Ltd. — the company behind StemSmart. As part of the acquisition: NSB will issue 85.7 million fully paid shares and 57.1 million performance shares, with the latter linked to clinical milestones. A Special Access Program targeting fistulising Crohn’s disease will kick off post-acquisition, a condition notoriously difficult to treat. A successful clinical response in at least 4 of 12 trial participants will trigger conversion of the performance shares. NSB has already secured firm commitments to raise $3.5 million, adding to a projected $7.5 million cash on hand post-transaction. Why StemSmart™ Stands Out StemSmart MSCs are bone marrow-derived cells enhanced through a proprietary manufacturing process. Their strength lies in how they modulate the immune system, secreting factors that reduce inflammation and encourage tissue repair. In an earlier Phase 2 trial, 78% of patients showed clinical improvement, and 44% achieved full remission. These outcomes were achieved without major adverse effects — a rarity in Crohn’s disease treatment. StemSmart has also been used under compassionate access programs, with encouraging responses in adults and children suffering from graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and other severe conditions. The Broader Impact This acquisition doesn’t just bring in a technology — it extends NSB’s footprint from neurodegenerative drug development into broader immune-inflammatory arenas. StemSmart’s potential applications span Crohn’s Disease (US$13.8 billion market by 2026) Kidney Transplant rejection Lung disorders (US$33 billion market by 2034) GvHD and broader autoimmune conditions Notably, the FDA’s recent approval of an MSC therapy by Mesoblast has reignited global confidence and funding in the MSC space. With regulators like the TGA offering pathways such as the Special Access Scheme, NSB is well-placed to accelerate clinical development in Australia and beyond. What Comes Next? NSB will initially target fistulising Crohn’s disease through a Special Access Program. If successful, the program will transition into Phase 1/2 clinical trials, with parallel plans for advancing trials in lung diseases and other inflammatory disorders. On top of that, NSB will continue to progress its existing asset, EmtinB™, now focused on ophthalmology applications such as glaucoma. Two preclinical studies are slated for the next 12 months, reflecting a dual-pronged development strategy across cell therapies and peptide-based treatments. Samso’s Concluding Comments The market is making this announcement feel like a real pivot moment for NeuroScientific. Reading into the research, the acquisition does not appear to be just adding another biotech project to the shelf — it’s making a bold claim to leadership in the regenerative medicine space (Figure 1). In the same way that early adopters of immuno-oncology or mRNA saw exponential momentum, NSB is now tying itself to the next wave in cell-based therapy. Figure 1: Share price chart for NeuroScientific Biopharmaceuticals Ltd (ASX:NSB) since 2022. (source: Commsec) The market perception of NSB has been steady the last 18 months, and it's very clear that this acquisition has excited investors. The last excitement for the share price was in April 2024 (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The fact that the share price at the time of publishing looks like it's holding well is a good sign for the value created. The previous highs did not hang around long enough to create any value other than hot air. Figure 2: Share price chart for NeuroScientific Biopharmaceuticals Ltd since 2024. (ASX:NSB). (source: Commsec) According to the company, the partnership with Isopogen WA is also one to watch closely. The clinical data isn’t theoretical — it’s based on real patients, with real outcomes. And in an environment where biotech valuations are climbing, NSB is positioning itself for long-term value creation through validated science and an addressable market worth billions. The story is far from over, but this chapter is starting strong. Happy Investing and remember, always DYOR. To support our independent nature of our work, please head over to our Support Page and give us a helping hand in any of the ways listed. This is a new initiate for the Samso Platform, and it was always the concept of Samso when we started this journey in 2018. Cover photo: Army scientist finds research illuminating (27290265015), U.S. Army RDECOM from Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Army_scientist_finds_research_illuminating_(27290265015).jpg) Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. 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