As we prepare to wrap up 2023, what better way to end than to have a fresh Coffee with Samso? Episode 193 is with Brett Hazelden, Managing Director and CEO of OD6 Metals Limited (ASX: OD6). The focus of the Rare Earth story has shifted to the realm of chemistry. It is widely believed that companies will disclose mineral resources large enough to support their operations. However, the cost of the chemistry required to generate revenue and profits remains uncertain. In this episode of Coffee with Samso, Brett Hazelden presents a compelling argument for the OD6 Metals story. The market is currently muddled with confusion regarding the ultimate objective of these clay rare earth projects. Brett, an experienced metallurgist, shares his insights on the downstream process in this must-watch episode of Coffee with Samso. If you're interested in the Rare Earth sector, this is a valuable discussion for you. Samso's Conclusion If you have been following the Samso platform, you may have noticed an increase in Rare Earth stories recently. The rare earth industry is undoubtedly complex and confusing, with a cloud of uncertainty surrounding its future. However, after attending the rare earth conference in Canberra, I can confidently say that my doubts have been cleared. It's important to note that my optimism does not mean the sector is heading for a bull run. Rather, I believe that companies that remain focused on their work and can secure funding will benefit from the strong future demand for rare earths. Securing funding during this period is crucial. In a way, the current market can be seen as a reset for the valuation of rare earths. This is the perfect time to do your own research (DYOR) as an investor. If a commodity boom is on the horizon and rare earth metals are part of that trend, conducting thorough research now will be beneficial. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:03 2023 recap 03:32 Understanding the chemistry 07:14 Lowering the costs of production 09:45 Discussion about ESG 11:27 What is driving the economics of these clay projects? 15:46 Difference between Australia and South America - grade and processing route? 19:38 Takeaways from the Canberra REECon 26:16 What’s on the cards for 2024? 32:03 Discussion about the rare earth market price 35:14 News flow 36:04 Final thoughts 39:46 Conclusion PODCAST This is a good time to download the first Ebook (FREE) from Samso as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). Download our eBook now About Brett Hazelden Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer BSc, MBA, AICD Mr Hazelden is a Metallurgist who brings over 25 years’ experience serving the Australasian resources industry. His experience includes being a Company Director, Managing Director, CEO, Project Manager, Study Manager and originally a Metallurgist in an operating environment. Mr Hazelden brings a diverse range of capabilities from exploration, project development studies, research and development, project approvals, offtake agreements, equity raising, debt financing plus mergers and acquisitions. He has worked across multiple commodities including potash, gold, copper, zinc, lead, iron ore, tungsten, salt, diamond and now rare earth sectors. Most recently, Brett was the Co-founder and Managing Director/CEO of Kalium Lakes (ASX:KLL). Mr Hazelden was appointed as a Director on 1 April 2022. Mr Hazelden is not considered to be an independent Director as he is engaged in an executive capacity. About OD6 Metals Limited (ASX: OD6) OD6 Metals is an Australian public company with a purpose to pursue exploration and development opportunities within the resources sector. The Company holds a 100% interest in the Splinter Rock Project and Grass Patch Project which are located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, about 30 to 150km north of the major port and town of Esperance. The projects are considered prospective for clay rare earth elements (REEs), with the Company’s aim of delineating and defining economic resources and reserves to develop into a future revenue generating operational mine. Clay REE deposits are currently economically extracted in China who is the dominant world producer. Rare earth elements (in particular, Nd and Pr), are becoming increasingly important in the global economy, with uses including advanced electronics, permanent magnets in electric motors and electricity generators (such as wind turbines) and consumer electronics. Why OD6 Metals? Emerging REE major new clay province in WA, potentially competitive with China’s deposits. Dominant land position with over 4,800 km2 Located close to Esperance port, sealed roads and renewable energy infrastructure. Extensive Clay REE in 10 to 37m thick blanket over very large areas . Wide intersections of TREO with excellent Nd-Pr concentrations of 20% Multiple targets for potentially globally significant REE resources. Excellent regional metallurgy. Clay REEs are typically low capital intensity and high margin product. Significant supply shortage forecast due to rapid demand increase for renewable power, electric vehicles and electronics. Critical metals being prioritised by Governments around the world (need for diversity of supply away from China). Samso's investment stories are also featured on Brilliant-Online Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.

Samso's driven purpose The Samso experience has always been about identifying a good story and then sharing that on our platform with uniquely acute insights. As Samso developed, one thing has never changed. The motivation has always been to share our Insights with a purpose to showcase the potential of every story that will allow readers, viewers and listeners to understand and DYOR. As the market gets complicated and investors are running for cover, I felt it would be a good opportunity to share my thoughts on companies that have been largely ignored due to a lack of market love. It's something that I feel will give an extra viewpoint that may be of use to readers :-) The Tale of Two Journeys For those readers who have been following the Coffee with Samso series, they would know of Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN). I have been covering Aurumin for a while and I am now more optimistic on their story. We at Samso are not recommending Aurumin as investment (we are not authorised to recommend any financial products), but rather, we are showcasing them to create awareness in the community. As an exploration geologist and thinking in that kind of space consistently, I have said it many times in the videos what I like about Aurumin. What I like about Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) The company's latest announcement (Released 31st October 2022) should give readers good reasons to get some research happening. The basic information is the upgrading of the Two Mile Hill Underground resource to 574koz @ 1.6 g/t Au. Why is this significant? Well, when the company took on the project, the Two Mile Hill UG resource was 500,000 ounces at a grade of 1.1 g/t Au. This upgrade is the first step to making the Sandstone project a legitimate mining proposition. When I talk to people about the potential of this acquisition, the consensus was on the ability of Brad Valiukas and his team to show that the Two Mile Hill UG resource could be upgraded. According to Brad, what will be required to make Two Mile work is this: 800oz/vm at 2g/t works well. So long as we can keep the bulk (30m high, 20m wide stopes). We are currently at 1,400 ounces per vertical meter at 1.6g/t, but there is no allowance in that for extraction percentage (pillars). Cut off grade at current gold prices is about 1g/t (plus or minus depending on the mill size), so both the resource and target have some margin. We are close, hence we will start some internal scoping work. I think there is still upside with the UG. There is room for some extension north and south, and more data could bring the grade up again. As the company manages its exploration activities, one of the main questions is, what are the steps moving forward? What will Aurumin be doing in the coming 12 months? 2Mile Hill is currently still inferred. I really want to see what I can get out of some scoping work before making a call on the next expenditure. The best place to drill it from is UG, probably from in the tonalite and drilling perpendicular to the ore zones and veins, hitting the contacts both east and west. At the moment, drilling from UG is as cost effective as drilling it out from surface, plus we would be UG at the top of the ore body, ready to mine. Some big calls to make. One of the most important aspects of any mining proposition is the combination of grade and resource. I was curious about this and I asked Brad this question, in regards to the Sandstone/Two Mile Hill project. HIs comments were as follows: On a macro scale, it is mostly about grade. But more is always better. More surface resource gives me space to mine the UG while pits are filling the mill. And, as above, some sweeteners would be good. Aurumin is now all about the Sandstone project. According to the website, the Central Sandstone Project is located 12km south of the township of Sandstone, ~520km northeast of Perth, and located on a sealed highway between the mining towns of Mt Magnet and Leinster in the East Murchison Mineral Field of Western Australia. The Central Sandstone Project comprises granted tenure covering 112km2, including two granted Mining Licenses. The Central Sandstone Project also includes a non-operating 500,000tpa CIL processing plant, all associated infrastructure, operating licenses, permitted tailings storage facility and bore field, and camp facilities located on freehold title within the nearby town of Sandstone. History of the Central Sandstone Project (Source: Aurumin Website) In excess of 1Moz of gold has been produced from surface, open pit and underground operations in the Sandstone area since the 1890s. In addition to historic mining activities, more recent gold production is variously attributed to Herald Resources Limited in the 1990s and Troy Resources Limited (Troy) from 1999 to 2010. Troy extracted and processed a combined total of approximately 4.4Mt open pit of ore at an average grade of 3.6g/t Au for production of 508,000oz gold before the operation was placed on care and maintenance in September 2010. Middle Island Resources (Middle Island) acquired the Project in 2016 and explored the Project up until 2021. In December 2021, Aurumin entered into an agreement to acquire the Central Sandstone Project from Middle Island for $12 million in cash and shares. This acquisition came with a complete package of a largely disjointed region of ownership previously. Geology of the Central Sandstone Project Gold mineralisation is hosted within the Sandstone greenstone belt within the Southern Cross Province that forms the central spine of the Archaean Yilgarn Block. The Sandstone greenstone belt forms a classic ‘hourglass’ structure at the northern end of the Diemals Dome, where two major trans-current structures, the Edale and Youanmi faults, respectively confine the eastern and western margins of the belt. Source: Aurumin Limited The Story of Aurumin Aurumin is a low market capitalisation company that has hallmarks of greater things. As I write, the market cap is around AUD11M. This is a company with nearly 1M ounces of gold in which over 500K ounces is in the Two Mile Hill deposit. I like the gold industry and it is very rare to find a story like Aurumin. I titled this blog "The Tale of Two Journeys" because I feel that Aurumin has two journeys to complete. The production path is very clear but I think the consolidation of all the exploration upside will make them achieve the miner status much faster. The exploration that Aurumin is doing is not grassroots but to consolidate the known resources. The upgrading of the Two Mile Hill resources will continue to take place. Conversations with Brad on our Samso platform are proof that the management of Aurumin has implemented a plan and has executed it well, at this time. Coffee with Samso: Aspiring High Grade Gold Miner: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Making of a Gold Miner Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - Developing the Gold Mining Story Rooster Talk: Aurumin Limited (ASX:AUN) - The Beginnings of a Gold Producer. Aurumin Limited (ASX: AUN) - Central Sandstone Resource Update. When Brad and I had the very first conversation in March 2021 (COVID never existed), there were valid reasons to doubt the company strategy. The plans were new and the potential upside were vague and felt a bit far away. It was not that they could not achieve, it was more about time to complete the task at hand. If you have been in this game as long as I have, you will know that acquisition was in the air. The time to do things in this industry is measured in months, otherwise, your hare price is going to move in the wrong direction, and if that happens, it normally ends in the wrong place. The Solution to the Problem Forward to 2022, the scene is very different. The sentiment for gold may not be as flavourful as Lithium. However, one has to remember that Brad Valiukas comes from big company thinking. Big company thinkers are always looking at expansion and creating economies of scale. The recent upgrade in resources at Two Mile Hill is showing that the numbers will make the league. It's just a matter of drilling and creating more data points. The numbers will improve if the recent drilling program is a precursor of what's to come. The competitive advantage for Aurumin is the potential plus 500K ounces (Two Mile Hill Underground) of near 2g/t dirt and the Mill. Some may say that the Mill is worthless and should be replaced. However, the location of the Central Sandstone Project makes it strategic to offer a central processing center. If anyone has been in business, location is everything. The figure above will show that a central processing hub is best in the middle. It would make total sense if the central processing Hub has a good resource of gold itself. If you expand the story to include the ounces that may come up from Southern Cross and Johnson Range, you have ounces that cannot be replaced. Here is a good take away -Sandstone is in between the Gidgee and Youanmi region. A centralised processing center that only really works well for the guy in the middle. The final point is that Brad worked with Northern Star and Focus. Look at how those two companies (different fortunes) grew as a company. Northern Star had Paulsens Gold Mine and that was like a starter project. Do Your Own Research and reach out to management. Aurumin is currently doing a Rights Issue and this may be a great time to approach the company and get the facts. Get Deeper Insights The latest and most reliable information from experienced sources, that are completely unbiased are now available through a Paid Membership. Sign up here for a more trustworthy source of well-researched and independent information for investors. ------ Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. ------ About Samso Samso is a trusted platform that equips dedicated investors with up-to-date industry knowledge and insights from top CEOs and thought leaders. By staying informed on business advancements and market trends, investors can enhance their financial decisions through a combination of expert guidance and their own research. Coffee with Samso Experience

Rooster Talk Episode 74 is with Matt Szwedzicki, Managing Director of West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) discussing their latest metallurgical results for their Salazar Rare Earth project. It's a significant event, and the released results are clearly positive. Read the Announcement >> EXCELLENT RARE EARTH METALLURGICAL RECOVERIES ACHIEVED AT SALAZAR The rare earth element (REE) story is now focused on the chemistry, and the understanding is progressing in real time. Industry players who are making progress in their projects understand that there are complexities that need to be tackled step by step. The Salazar deposit is one of the few that make economic sense, with better than average grades and size. There's a myth in the industry that certain types of clay deposits are better than others, but evidence and industry understanding now show that this is not consistent with current science. Recap of the West Cobar REE Story West Cobar is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. Their projects include: ​1. The Salazar REE Project​ The Salazar Rare Earths Clay Project is located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep-water port of Esperance in Western Australia. The Newmont deposit, located on the easternmost tenement at Salazar, contains an estimated JORC Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off). The O’Connor prospect to the west of Newmont has potential to host further significant high-grade rare earths mineralization. Samso's Conclusion Recently, there have been discussions about the Rare Earth market being flat, while the equity market has taken a bearish tone. However, it's important to remember that the global narrative is shifting towards increased mining. The transition to renewable and clean energy cannot be achieved with the current resources available. Moving towards the 2030 Evolution is not a secret and is gaining more attention. Commodities like Lithium, REE, Copper, Nickel, and other base metals will play a significant role in the emerging electrical world. It's worth noting that oil and gas will also continue to be relevant. These statements are based on factual observations, and no amount of resistance or disruption will change the demand for these commodities. REE, in particular, has an air of mystique surrounding it. Some claim to have all the answers, but the geopolitical landscape will ultimately drive the REE industry. Once that aspect is considered, the rest falls into place. What we need to ask is what will it take to have an economical situation. As we will all learn, the sole leachability factor is not what makes a REE project good or bad. As West Cobar is showing in this release and what Matt is sharing with us, the process, resource, grade, ability of the deposit for beneficiation, acid levels and acid consumption rates, are just some of the factors to be considered. It's becoming clear that having a unique selling point is crucial. Differentiating yourself through factors like resource size, grade, leachability, and LREE vs HREE content is essential. In the case of Salazar, the fact that it sits on an ultramafic base may give it an advantage, as it potentially holds more HREE value. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:59 Matt discussing the Metallurgical Results. 02:26 How good is the MREO Recovery? 04:07 What acid type works? 05:29 A Discussion on the Acid Strength and Recoveries. 10:51 The value of Rare Earths - LREE vs. HREE. 11:47 Does the geology at Salazar enrich its REE components? 13:37 What is the Grade required to make a REE project work? 16:16 Is the beneficiating process the dark horse? 18:23 Acid is Not the Magic Pill. 19:51 Matt's last thoughts on the release. 20:53 How should investors see West Cobar? 22:15 Conclusion PODCAST About Matt Szwedzicki Managing Director Matt Szwedzicki has over 20 years of corporate and commercial experience, having worked in senior leadership roles with a focus on M&A, corporate growth and investment strategy. Matt co-founded and is the Managing Director of Spark New Energies, an energy company with its main assets in the UK. Prior to that Matt held various executive corporate and commercial roles in the energy and resources industries. About West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX:WC1) is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. The Salazar REE Project The Salazar Project comprises granted tenements E63/1469 and E63/1496 located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep water port of Esperance (Figure 1). In terms of geological setting, it is situated in the eastern part of the Proterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, east of the Biranup and Fraser Zones, straddling the Heywood-Newman Shear Zone and Nornalup Zone. REE mineralisation at the Newmont deposit (E63/1496) is hosted by in-situ regolith over Proterozoic-aged basement rocks. A geological model has been proposed by Salazar Minerals whereby granites containing REE carbonates and other REE minerals are the source rocks for secondary REE mineralisation in the overlying saprolite profile. Mineralogical studies have indicated that the saprolite targets contain fine-grained secondary REE-bearing phosphates. Newmont Mineral Resource Salazar Minerals was one of the first companies to appreciate the potential for clay REE deposits in Australia. The tenements were first acquired in 2011 (granted in 2012) with the private company carrying out several aircore drilling programs to test for REE mineralisation. In total 165 aircore and RC holes for 6393m have been drilled within the tenements, leading to the discovery and delineation of the Newmont deposit. ​CSA Global ("CSA") was engaged by Salazar Minerals to estimate a Mineral Resource for the Newmont deposit in 2015. CSA estimated an Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code (2012). The Newmont deposit also hosts an Inferred Mineral Resource of 31.2% Al2O3 (15% Al cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code 2012 (Table 2). The high-grade alumina within kaolin-rich zones has potential to be feedstock for production of high purity alumina. ​Lab test work demonstrates that this material shows high leach extraction and high purification grades to produce 99.99% (4N) High Purity Alumina (HPA). O’Connor Prospect The Salazar Project also includes the O’Connor prospect (E63/1469) which is located 10 kms to the south-east of the Newmont Deposit. The O’Connor Prospect has 32 vertical holes drilled for a total of 901 meters. Some of the drill intersections at O’Connor include: SAC160, 19m @ 1939 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m SAC161, 20m @ 2392 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 7m SAC162, 19m @ 1350 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 17m SAC179, 9m @ 3258 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 14m SAC178, 10m @ 1586 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 10m SAC188, 23m @ 1454 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 16m SAC157, 17m @ 1186 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 15m SAC159, 12m @ 1110 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m Newmont Metallurgy & Studies Technical work on the deposit has involved reputable institutions including the CSIRO, the University of Western Australia and the University of Newcastle and mineral processing firms Nagrom and Amdel. Early metallurgical studies and characterisation testwork show the REE clays are amenable to acid leach processing Magnet rare earths (MREO) - Neodymium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium and Terbium concentrations up to 25% Heavy rare earth (HREO) concentrations up to 30% Critical rare earth (CREO) concentrations up to 37% Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south-southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Coffee with Samso Episode 180 is with Brett Hazelden, Managing Director and CEO of OD6 Metals Limited (ASX: OD6) to explain the highly anticipated Mineral Resource Estimate. As investors gain a deeper understanding of the Rare Earth market, it becomes crucial for companies in this sector to demonstrate progress in their endeavors. The recent release of the mineral resource by OD6 is a significant milestone, as it provides tangible evidence of their commitment to delivering value to shareholders. ASX Announcement 18 July 2023 - Splinter Rock Rare Earth Project Maiden Mineral Resource Estimate - 344MTR @ 1,308ppm TREO at a 1,000ppm cut off. A Recap of the OD6 Metals Limited (ASX: OD6) Story OD6 Metals is a company based in the southern region of Western Australia that specializes in Rare Earths Elements (REE). It is situated just north of the town of Esperance. During the time of this Coffee with Samso interview, the company had a market capitalisation of approximately AUD26M, with a share price of around AUD0.25. OD6 Metals is currently focused on two projects: Grass Patch and Splinter Rock. These projects have undergone drilling campaigns to identify potential resources. The most recent presentation of the company includes Figure 1, which highlights the recent investments made by OD6 Metals. Figure 1: The current investment highlights for OD6 Metals Limited. (Source: OD6 Presentation July 2023) The Word According To Brett Hazelden In this episode of Coffee with Samso, Brett discusses the significance of the Maiden Resource and its role in shaping the OD6 story. The 344Mt @ 1308ppm TREO serves as a baseline for further work in establishing a mining proposition. It is important to clarify that the Rare Earth players in the market are poised to address any misunderstandings or misinformation. One common misconception in the market is the perceived difference between 'Ionic' and 'Non-Ionic' clay REE deposits. In reality, there is no physical noticeable difference between the two types. The only distinguishing factor is their leaching ability. Brett provides a clear explanation of why it is crucial for the market to understand that multiple factors contribute to a leachable product. The economics of the entire process must be taken into consideration. Key Points in the Unlocking of the Downstream Process In my opinion, the main focus of the OD6 Metals story at this stage is the metallurgical aspects of the resource. The recent announcement of the Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) is a positive step in confirming the existence of the resource and its "good" grade. However, it's important to note that there is still limited factual evidence on the exact grade that will be viable. The choice of a high cut off grade indicates that OD6 recognizes the need for a high grade to make the processing economically feasible. This demonstrates the company's understanding that extracting the resource is not an easy task. Brett's emphasis on the technical challenges involved in extraction is a good sign. During the Coffee with Samso interview, Brett highlights the significance of the high grade nature of the Splinter Rock Resource. In our industry, we often say "Grade is King" for a reason. The chosen cut off grade sets a baseline requirement for OD6 to make the project economically viable. It's commendable that Brett openly discusses the need to balance all parameters, including economics and ESG factors. I appreciate that he doesn't shy away from acknowledging the challenges involved. Lastly, it's worth noting that the current resource of 344MT @1,308ppm TREO represents only 5% of the total potential in the Splinter Rock project. This means that OD6 Metals still has a significant upside and room for growth. Samso Conclusion The OD6 story is work in progress with the potential to achieve great success. Let me explain what I mean by that. In a recent Coffee with Samso episode, Brett highlighted the presence of a valuable resource in Splinter Rock. Not only did he emphasize the abundance of this resource, but he also mentioned that it has one of the highest known resource grades. As the story continues to unfold, the market is still trying to understand the true potential of the "Alluvial" Rare Earth story. It's important to note that this story is still in its early stages, and the final verdict on its success is yet to be determined. There have been comments suggesting that only an "ionic" style would work, and that the "clay" styles would not be effective. However, based on my conversations with various individuals, I strongly believe that the real story will surprise many. What I find intriguing is that investors often perceive the business process as rocket science. However, as many Samso followers know, I like to use food analogies. The process of making money in business is no different from selling pancakes or muffins. The Rare Earth market is now in the spotlight due to the geopolitical situation that demands "Western" sources. This need creates a more realistic opportunity for Esperance to become a region known for Rare Earth production. OD6 is in a prime position to capitalise on this opportunity, thanks to its large resource and high-grade nature. Balancing the leachability and the cost of extraction is a matter of time and careful consideration. It's important for investors to remember that mining is a long-term endeavor, measured in years and decades. Successful individuals like Warren Buffett invest with a long-term perspective, and that's why we often quote them. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:19 Splinter Rock Mineral Resource 01:55 1000ppm cutoff grade at Splinter Rock 04:40 How should investors look at the Maiden Mineral Resource? 05:55 Is the extraction process the more important discussion? 12:58 The larger the volume, the larger the area? 14:30 How much bigger can the resource get in terms of numbers? 17:49 The challenge of the mining sector 22:22 The geological consistency of the MagREO percentage 23:50 The significance of the hosting base rock in terms of chemistry 24:33 Possibility of grade variability? 26:13 Discussion about the rare earths market 27:19 The cost of mining soft rock and hard rock 29:03 Discussion about the current equity market 31:32 News flow 35:26 Main takeaway about the Maiden Mineral Resource 38:43 Conclusion PODCAST This is a good time to download the first Ebook (FREE) from Samso as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). Download our eBook now About Brett Hazelden Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer BSc, MBA, AICD Mr Hazelden is a Metallurgist who brings over 25 years’ experience serving the Australasian resources industry. His experience includes being a Company Director, Managing Director, CEO, Project Manager, Study Manager and originally a Metallurgist in an operating environment. Mr Hazelden brings a diverse range of capabilities from exploration, project development studies, research and development, project approvals, offtake agreements, equity raising, debt financing plus mergers and acquisitions. He has worked across multiple commodities including potash, gold, copper, zinc, lead, iron ore, tungsten, salt, diamond and now rare earth sectors. Most recently, Brett was the Co-founder and Managing Director/CEO of Kalium Lakes (ASX:KLL). Mr Hazelden was appointed as a Director on 1 April 2022. Mr Hazelden is not considered to be an independent Director as he is engaged in an executive capacity. About OD6 Metals Limited (ASX: OD6) OD6 Metals is an Australian public company with a purpose to pursue exploration and development opportunities within the resources sector. The Company holds a 100% interest in the Splinter Rock Project and Grass Patch Project which are located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, about 30 to 150km north of the major port and town of Esperance. The projects are considered prospective for clay rare earth elements (REEs), with the Company’s aim of delineating and defining economic resources and reserves to develop into a future revenue generating operational mine. Clay REE deposits are currently economically extracted in China who is the dominant world producer. Rare earth elements (in particular, Nd and Pr), are becoming increasingly important in the global economy, with uses including advanced electronics, permanent magnets in electric motors and electricity generators (such as wind turbines) and consumer electronics. Why OD6 Metals? Emerging REE major new clay province in WA, potentially competitive with China’s deposits. Dominant land position with over 4,800 km2 Located close to Esperance port, sealed roads and renewable energy infrastructure. Extensive Clay REE in 10 to 37m thick blanket over very large areas . Wide intersections of TREO with excellent Nd-Pr concentrations of 20% Multiple targets for potentially globally significant REE resources. Excellent regional metallurgy. Clay REEs are typically low capital intensity and high margin product. Significant supply shortage forecast due to rapid demand increase for renewable power, electric vehicles and electronics. Critical metals being prioritised by Governments around the world (need for diversity of supply away from China). Samso's investment stories are also featured on Brilliant-Online Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.

Coffee with Samso Episode 179 is with Matt Szwedzicki, Managing Director of West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) Szwedzicki is the new managing director of West Cobar and he assures shareholders that it's business as usual. The recent news from the company is evident that the exploration objectives are all status quo. To the followers of Samso, you would remember that in my previous conversation with West Cobar Metals, we highlighted the Salazar Rare Earth project. The Salazar project has a slightly different edge as it is hosted in an ultramafic rock, Amphibolite. Since that time, I have had many discussions on the increased awareness of different host rocks. Traditionally the clay REE sector was all about granitic host rocks, but I have now come across WC1 and then Australian Rare Earths Ltd. The big question is whether these different host rocks make any difference. Szwedzicki gives us an update on the company about its recent announcements and the change in management. The West Cobar REE Story West Cobar is a mineral exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. Their projects include: ​1. The Salazar REE Project​ The Salazar Rare Earths Clay Project is located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep-water port of Esperance in Western Australia. The Newmont deposit, located on the easternmost tenement at Salazar, contains an estimated JORC Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off). The O’Connor prospect to the west of Newmont has potential to host further significant high-grade rare earths mineralization. 2. Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (OTCQB:ABML) (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ 3. Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south, southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Samso's Conclusion In my opinion, the Clay REE story is a developing concept. When the "boom" happened, I posed the question to the companies that were engaging in Coffee with Samso - "What is a good intersection?" Then I asked, "What should investors look for, and, since now we are at the stage where we are asking, how leachable is your material?" So now the market is thinking that ionic clays are the type you want to discover as these types leach better. Well, that may be true but there is no other way to know if you are Ionic or not, other than to send your samples to the lab. The implication of this is, what are we exploring for, and how are we going to know if the discovery is indeed "Clay" or "Ionic" in nature. The majority of explorers are looking for REE in a Granitic environment but Salazar is in an ultramafic basement and the AR3 example is in a limestone. So, what does all this mean? My thoughts are that the "news" that Ionic is more leachable than Clay may not necessary be the end game. I think the truth will only be told when the lab results are finalised. What is for sure is that the different chemistry must play some part in the leaching side of the equation. Salazar is distinctly different so the jury is definitely still out on all fronts. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:20 Introduction 01:12 Who is Matt Szwedzicki? 05:28 Updates on West Cobar projects 09:26 Feedback on West Cobar projects 12:15 The Rare Earths market 14:01 The Hermit Hill project 15:41 How should investors look at West Cobar? 19:33 Discussion about ionic leaching 24:03 News flow 26:38 Why West Cobar Metals Limited? 27:25 Conclusion PODCAST About Matt Szwedzicki Managing Director Matt Szwedzicki has over 20 years of corporate and commercial experience, having worked in senior leadership roles with a focus on M&A, corporate growth and investment strategy. Matt co-founded and is the Managing Director of Spark New Energies, an energy company with its main assets in the UK. Prior to that Matt held various executive corporate and commercial roles in the energy and resources industries. About West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX:WC1) is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. The Salazar REE Project The Salazar Project comprises granted tenements E63/1469 and E63/1496 located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep water port of Esperance (Figure 1). In terms of geological setting, it is situated in the eastern part of the Proterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, east of the Biranup and Fraser Zones, straddling the Heywood-Newman Shear Zone and Nornalup Zone. REE mineralisation at the Newmont deposit (E63/1496) is hosted by in-situ regolith over Proterozoic-aged basement rocks. A geological model has been proposed by Salazar Minerals whereby granites containing REE carbonates and other REE minerals are the source rocks for secondary REE mineralisation in the overlying saprolite profile. Mineralogical studies have indicated that the saprolite targets contain fine-grained secondary REE-bearing phosphates. Newmont Mineral Resource Salazar Minerals was one of the first companies to appreciate the potential for clay REE deposits in Australia. The tenements were first acquired in 2011 (granted in 2012) with the private company carrying out several aircore drilling programs to test for REE mineralisation. In total 165 aircore and RC holes for 6393m have been drilled within the tenements, leading to the discovery and delineation of the Newmont deposit. ​CSA Global ("CSA") was engaged by Salazar Minerals to estimate a Mineral Resource for the Newmont deposit in 2015. CSA estimated an Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code (2012). The Newmont deposit also hosts an Inferred Mineral Resource of 31.2% Al2O3 (15% Al cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code 2012 (Table 2). The high-grade alumina within kaolin-rich zones has potential to be feedstock for production of high purity alumina. ​Lab test work demonstrates that this material shows high leach extraction and high purification grades to produce 99.99% (4N) High Purity Alumina (HPA). O’Connor Prospect The Salazar Project also includes the O’Connor prospect (E63/1469) which is located 10 kms to the south-east of the Newmont Deposit. The O’Connor Prospect has 32 vertical holes drilled for a total of 901 meters. Some of the drill intersections at O’Connor include: ​ SAC160, 19m @ 1939 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m SAC161, 20m @ 2392 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 7m SAC162, 19m @ 1350 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 17m SAC179, 9m @ 3258 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 14m SAC178, 10m @ 1586 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 10m SAC188, 23m @ 1454 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 16m SAC157, 17m @ 1186 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 15m SAC159, 12m @ 1110 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m Newmont Metallurgy & Studies Technical work on the deposit has involved reputable institutions including the CSIRO, the University of Western Australia and the University of Newcastle and mineral processing firms Nagrom and Amdel. Early metallurgical studies and characterisation testwork show the REE clays are amenable to acid leach processing Magnet rare earths (MREO) - Neodymium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium and Terbium concentrations up to 25% Heavy rare earth (HREO) concentrations up to 30% Critical rare earth (CREO) concentrations up to 37% Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south-southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

I've been following Castillo Copper Limited (ASX: CCZ) for the past year, and I believe it has the potential to be one of the best copper stocks on the ASX. Although it's a small-cap stock, I think it could have some upside. I've traded the stock and was a shareholder for a good 12 months. This company could be a dark horse in the sector with time and effort. Jump to: About Castillo Copper Limited Corporate Information Project Location Historical Facts Why the interest? The Stockpile My Concerns Why am I so interested in the Base Metal Story? Copper Pricing Mystic In Conclusion About Castillo Copper Limited Castillo Copper Limited (ASX: CCZ) is an ASX-listed base metal explorer with its flagship project being the historic Cangai Copper Mine near Grafton in northeast NSW. The project consists of a volcanogenic massive sulphide ore deposit, and it has one of Australia's highest grade JORC compliant Inferred Resources for copper: 3.2Mt @ 3.35% (as of September 6, 2017). In terms of contained metal, the Inferred Resource includes 107,600t Cu, 11,900t Zn, 2.1Moz Ag, and 82,900 Moz Au. One positive aspect is the presence of supergene ore with up to 35% copper and 10% zinc, which is ideal for direct shipping ore. Additionally, the project holds five historic stockpiles of high-grade ore located near Cangai Copper Mine. Corporate Information Information based on the September presentation: Total Shares Issued: 580.1M Options: 84.5M Market Cap: AUD$24.9M Cash At Bank: AUD$1.7M The company has four projects in Australia, and one in Chile: Jackaderry Project (100%, New South Wales): 3 prospects including the Cangai Copper Mine; Broken Hill Project (100%, New South Wales): 2 prospects; Mt Oxide Project (100%, Queensland): 4 prospects; Marlborough Project (under application, Queensland): 3 prospects; and Chilean Projects (100%). My primary focus was on the Cangai Copper Mine. While the other projects may have potential, I believe that Cangai is more developed and has a stronger narrative to offer the market. Project Location The Cangai project in northern NSW has the perfect location as it has the infrastructure you would need to make the project work if it were to ever become a realistic proposition. If you have read any of my postings, you would know that my preference when it comes to projects is one with the least amount of things to do - things that do not relate to drilling for results. Historical Facts The mine operated from 1904 to 1917 and was evaluated by Western Mining from 1982 to 1984 and CRA Exploration from 1990 to 1992. Unfortunately, due to tough economic conditions during both periods, no progress was made. However, CCZ's geology team has confirmed a JORC Inferred Resource of 3.2Mt @ 3.35% Cu, which is a significant finding. The next step is to focus on proving this resource and increasing its size in the southern part of the project area. It's worth noting that within 5km of the Cangai Mine, there is the smaller historic Smelter Creek Copper Mine and several highly mineralised satellite deposits. One of the key features of the Cangai Mine is the discovery of supergene ore, which contains up to 35 percent Cu and 10 percent Zn. This is a relatively rare geological occurrence. What makes supergene ore special is, if the grade is high enough, it can potentially be directly shipped to customers. This is advantageous because it avoids costly processing costs, resulting in high operating margins. Why the interest? Firstly, I don't believe this project falls under the category of "Don't drill a perfectly good project". What intrigues me about this project is that it hasn't received much attention in decades. Unlike projects that have been recycled from the 80s or 90s, this one has remained relatively untouched. Although it was explored to some extent, no significant work has been done on it. As the grandchild of a gold miner from the 1940s and 1950s, I have a deep appreciation for the primitive mining methods used back then, which lacked precision in mine planning. It is precisely this lack of precision that gives me hope and optimism for the project. In those days, miners would focus on extracting the higher grade materials and leave behind the "lower grades". Considering the size of the old mine and the recent drilling results that the management has found or reconfirmed, it's hard not to have high hopes for the project's success. Figure 3 The two diagrams above really showcase the potential of this area. It's easy to see why one might think it could be suitable for an open pit approach, given how mineralised it appears. However, it's important to note that schematic diagrams can sometimes be a bit misleading. That being said, the intercepts are incredibly encouraging. The exciting part, as I may have mentioned before, is the unknown. We don't yet know just how big this mine could be if management handles it properly (refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4). The type of mineralisation we're dealing with here has allowed management to explore the wider area for other forms of mineralisation. A recent announcement even suggests the possibility of parallel lodes based on some indicative surface sampling (refer to Figure 5). I should mention that surface sampling has led many companies down a path of disappointment in the past. However, it's still a positive sign, as I firmly believe that where there's smoke, there must be fire. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The Stockpile Within the area, the company possesses multiple stockpiles of copper ore (Figure 6). Through metallurgical studies, the company has demonstrated a copper concentrate recovery rate exceeding 80 percent, with a grade of up to 22 percent. If successful, this endeavour will serve as a lucrative means to finance future exploration efforts. The business model is straightforward: extract the ore from the stockpile, concentrate it, and sell it. My Concerns This company has been making promises about positive activity on the project for quite some time. I decided to sell my stock because I couldn't understand why it was taking so long to get things done. As the share price started to decline, I decided to take my profit and wait. With the share price hanging around the 2c area, I lost interest as I basically lost confidence on the whole story. When the share price started to rise again, I hoped that it meant progress was finally being made. I've been watching from the sidelines, trying to understand the processes. It seems that a capital raising will happen soon. I'm curious to see if the rising share price is solely due to the need for funds. If it is, then I'll probably continue to wait on the sidelines for a bit longer. Why am I so interested in the Base Metal Story? I've been keeping an eye on the commodity prices over the past year, and I've noticed an interesting trend. Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Lead, and Aluminium all seem to be hovering around their 50 percent retracement value, which is quite intriguing. Now, I'm no expert, but I do enjoy observing trends. Currently, copper, nickel, and to a lesser extent zinc are showing signs of a bullish uptrend. It's like they went for a run, took a breather, and now they might be gearing up for another surge. If you take a look at the charts below, you'll see that they all look pretty similar. Of course, you can interpret them however you like, but I believe the groundwork has been laid for these commodities to experience higher pricing. This aligns with my previous post where I mentioned the rising nickel price. Copper Pricing Mystic Copper pricing has long been regarded as a reliable indicator of the global economy's performance. Referred to as 'Dr. Copper' in certain circles, copper is an abundant and affordable metal with a wide range of valuable properties. It possesses excellent resistance to corrosion and serves as an efficient conductor of both electricity and heat. When the price of copper rises, it signifies a thriving global economy, indicating increased demand for copper in various industries. This upward trend suggests that we are currently experiencing growth in the world economy after a period of decline, making it a positive indicator of this progress. Conversely, when the global economy experiences a downturn, the price of copper tends to decline as well. Over the past century, just “industrial” demand alone for refined copper has increased from 500,000 metric tons to over 19 million metric tons. As our increasingly smaller world continues to experience population growth along with the progressive expansion, the demand for copper will exponentially increase. — oilprice.com In Conclusion I typically invest in small-cap stocks, and as an exploration geologist, I am particularly drawn to the excitement of discovery. That's why I see potential in CCZ. However, I do have some reservations. Firstly, I find it difficult to grasp the timeline of activities. Secondly, I am concerned about the upcoming capital raising and how it will affect the entry price of the stock. Apart from these concerns, I am intrigued by the story. *Please note that I am not a shareholder and I am not providing any advice to buy or sell the stock. These are just my personal thoughts. Source: The information in regards to the company and the project has all been obtained from the announcements and presentations that are posted on the website of Castillo Copper LImited. The project location plane was obtained from the article written by Proactive Investors on Castillo Copper. The charts were taken from CommSec. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso

Coffee with Samso Episode 181 is with Richard Brescianini, Executive Director of Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) The HRE story is a management-focused project led by Richard Brescianini, a highly experienced operator in the REE industry, and people like him are few and far between. His insights into the sector are extremely valuable, especially considering the lack of visibility to non-China related industries. Richard's time with Arafura Resources Limited is invaluable to the company. In this episode, you will get to know Richard and understand his thinking process as he drives the current project forward. Speaking with Richard, it becomes clear that he operates on a different wavelength. Viewers of Coffee with Samso should take away the fact that Richard is a skilled practitioner in a complex industry with its fair share of secrets. Richard has personally visited the factories that produce magnets and has engaged with both factories and refineries competing in an economy controlled by a State. It is interesting to note that while the Chinese State acts as the ultimate puppeteer, they also foster fierce competition within the sector to drive productivity. The HRE Story The story of Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX:HRE) is all about the Cowalinya project in Western Australia. The project is located 70km south-east of Norseman, a small gold mining town 187km directly south of Kalgoorlie. Figure 1: Location of the Cowalinya project in Western Australia. (Source: Heavy Rare Earths Limited) The Cowalinya area was primarily chosen on the basis of historical drilling which indicated the presence of anomalous rare earths in fresh bedrock and higher grade supergene concentrations of rare earths in the overlying in-situ weathered saprolite profile. Samso's Conclusion Over the past 24 months, the Samso platform has had the privilege of showcasing a series of Clay Rare Earth stories. It has truly demonstrated why Samso's stories are effective and educational, and pique investor interest. The complexity of understanding the Clay REE business is precisely why the Coffee with Samso conversations with experts like Richard Brescianini are so valuable. In the case of Heavy Rare Earth, Richard emphasises the importance of leaching the REE out with acids and finding the right balance between cost and profits. Essentially, the market price needs to be higher than the cost of extracting the metals. Richard's extensive industry experience and understanding of the complexities behind the scenes in China give him a unique advantage that his peers may not possess. One key takeaway from these conversations is that there is no longer any doubt about the ability to extract the metals. Numerous companies have released metallurgical results showing successful extraction. The focus now shifts to having the necessary resources, grade, and ingredients to make things happen. If someone discovers a more efficient method to extract a greater amount of metals from any grade, it would be a game-changer. It appears that the HRE resource will be substantially upgraded, with a higher grade than initially stated. The REE business is a long-term game, and wise investors should do their own research (DYOR) and consider long-term investment strategies. Looking ahead, a potential partnership in non-China based downstream operations could be the next step for HRE. This would add further value to the process. The Esperance region is an ideal location for such partnerships, especially if non-China economies aim to establish a stronger foothold in the supply of REE and manufacturing. It would be a logical decision for the Australian government to support the creation of value-adding industries in this area. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 00:43 Who is Richard Brescianini? 01:36 All about HRE 02:50 The HRE advantage in terms of metallurgy 10:01 Is there a geological control on the grade? 14:07 Is it all about labs now? 18:30 Ionic or non-ionic are not deal-breakers 22:34 Game changer in the clay sector 25:31 Importance of geological advantage 29:13 Future demand of the REE market 32:47 What needs to go right for HRE and what could go wrong for the likes of HRE? 39:20 The positives and negatives of the market 45:45 Economics in the REE market 49:41 News flow 52:27 Why HRE? 57:16 Conclusion PODCAST About Richard Brescianini Executive Director Richard commenced his career in mineral exploration with BHP Minerals in 1987 working in teams focused on the discovery of base and precious metal deposits across Australia and North America from offices in Brisbane, Perth, Toronto and Denver. Richard’s experience extends further, including his time working as the Director of the Northern Territory Government’s Geological Survey in Darwin, and being part of the executive management team for rare earths developer, Arafura Resources. About Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX:HRE) is an Australian rare earth exploration and development company. Rare earth materials are used in a wide array of technology and future facing applications, including smart phones, wind energy, and hybrid and electric vehicles. HRE’s key exploration project is Cowalinya, near Norseman in Western Australia. This is a clay-hosted rare earth project with a JORC Inferred Resource of 28Mt @ 625ppm TREO and a desirable rare earth composition where 25% are the valuable magnet rare earths and 23% the strategic heavy rare earths. The company has completed a 441 drill hole program confirming widespread occurrence of shallow, thick and/or high grade rare earth mineralisation. The Company anticipates a Mineral Resource update and an estimate Exploration Target for the project in Q3 2023 Cowalinya Project - Western Australia The Cowalinya rare earth project is located 70 km south-east of Norseman in Western Australia. It comprises a single 230 km2 exploration licence E63/1972 on unallocated crown land hosting dominantly granitic type rocks in the Central Biranup Zone of the Albany Fraser Orogen. (See Figure 1 above) The mineralisation being targeted is shallow, flat lying, supergene concentrations of rare earths present in the weathering profile overlying granitic basement. This mineralisation is similar in style to southern Chinese ionic rare earth clay deposits, the world’s main source of heavy rare earths. Although this type of rare earth deposit is low grade, low-cost open pit mining and simple inexpensive metallurgy make them profitable to exploit. The Cowalinya area was primarily chosen on the basis of historical drilling which indicated the presence of anomalous rare earths in fresh bedrock and higher grade supergene concentrations of rare earths in the overlying in-situ weathered saprolite profile. In June 2021 HRE drilled 109 aircore holes at Cowalinya by HRE discovered significant supergene concentrations of rare earths in two areas, Cowalinya South and North. The rare earths mineralisation, occurring as flat lying sheets within the in-situ clay-rich weathered saprolite, is contained within an average ~8-9 m thick layer which starts ~17-18 m below surface. Independent resource consultant JMCT Consulting was engaged to prepare and report Cowalinya’s maiden Inferred Mineral Resource estimate for the project in accordance with the 2012 JORC Code: 28 Mt @ 625 ppm TREO (Total Rare Earth Oxides) using a 300 ppm TREO-Cerium Oxide (CeO2) cut-off grade. Importantly, the resource has a desirable rare earths composition where 25% are the valuable magnet rare earths and 23% the strategic heavy rare earths, and very low average concentrations of radioelements (15 ppm ThO2, 5 ppm U3O8). Mr John Tyrrell of JMCT Consulting is the Competent Person for the Cowalinya Mineral Resource estimate (in accordance with 2012 JORC Code). TREO = La2O3+CeO2+Pr6O11+Nd2O3+Sm2O3+Eu2O3+Gd2O3+Tb4O7+Dy2O3+Ho2O3+Er2O3+Tm2O3+Yb2O3+Lu2O3+Y2O3. Magnet REOs = Pr6O11+Nd2O3+Tb4O7+Dy2O3 ; Totals may not add due to rounding ; Reported above a TREO-CeO2 cut-off grade of 300 ppm The resource at Cowalinya remains open in all lateral directions and currently covers only a small proportion (<1.5%) of the project tenement. Preliminary metallurgical test-work on 40 samples from the 2021 drilling program shows the rare earths are successfully brought into solution using a weak hydrochloric acid leach. Recoveries of >90% for some of the rare earths have been achieved. Resource Exploration and Expansion Drilling Program – 2023 The Company has successfully completed a 441-hole resource exploration and expansion drilling program at Cowalinya (refer to ASX announcements). These assays confirmed the widespread occurrence of shallow, thick and/or high-grade rare earth mineralisation in clay-rich saprolite over a 14 x 3-kilometre area west and south-west of the Cowalinya South deposit (Figure 1). This Western Zone discovery is open to the north and northwest, has an average thickness of 11.3 metres, and includes the following significant drill intercepts (on a grade-thickness basis) reported during the quarter: 19 metres @ 3190 ppm TREO from 16 metres (AC225) 10 metres @ 2087 ppm TREO from 17 metres (AC221) 26 metres @ 1201 ppm TREO from 19 metres (AC360) 17 metres @ 1069 ppm TREO from 11 metres (AC223) 42 metres @ 790 ppm TREO from 12 metres (AC226) Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

In this episode of Coffee with Samso 177, we have Mike Bohm, the Chair, and David Groombridge, CEO of Riedel Resources Limited (ASX: RIE) sharing with us the 2023 version of the Riedel Resources story. The last time we spoke to Riedel Resources was in 2021. In early 2021, I came across the Kingman project when Riedel Resources announced the high grade nature of the project. Listen to our coffee conversation with Mike Bohm and David Groombridge here: The Riedel Resources Limited (ASX: RIE) story so far Riedel Resources is one of those companies that on initial assessment, I was instantly attracted to the geology. As I mentioned, when I first saw the maiden drilling results, I felt that this was something to keep an eye on. As an exploration geologist, what is there not to like? The project area (Figure 1) is reminiscence of the Kalgoorlie goldfields. You will hear Mike and David talk about the fact that if the Kingman project was in Australia, it would have been drilled. It is important to appreciate these words as the easy pickings of the goldfields are all gone. There are no more easy discoveries, but places like the Kingman project have not had the attention and it's like a time warp event. The recent announcement to target a maiden resource for Kingman will go far in maturing the project. This will be the first steps to identifying an economic statement which, according to Mike and David, a toll treating mining solution. What is in the "Potential" basket for the Kingman Project? To look at what else is in the package, I think the best thing is to have a look at an image that was released way back in May 2021 (Figure 2). The geophysical images tell us that there seems to be some magnetic highs which taken with the understanding of the area is significant. There is a known porphyry within 6km from the project. What we know about porphyry is that they occur in clusters and are highly variable in mineralisation. The existence of base metals at Kingman makes me think that there could be a VMS system (Volcanic Massive Sulphide) lurking within the project. (Source RIE Annoucnement May 2021) When you look at Figure 2, you cannot help but think that there is a lot of cooking mechanisms working in this area. In May 2021, I wrote a Samso Insight which highlighted the regional perspectivity of the area. This Samso Insight brings out why I think this whole region is very prospective. New World Resources Limited (ASX: NWC) has a very high grade VMS project to the south of Kingman. I think it is about 100km south east of Kingman. When I speak to the company for their Coffee with Samso, they speak of the same potential of the region. It is important to have a read of the Samso Insight as that will give you a good understanding of why people like me believe in this region. Samso's Conclusion The most important part of the whole Riedel Resource story is the potential nature of the technical part of the project and Mike Bohm. We have covered the technical part of the project above and I am pretty sure most readers get my point. Why do I say Mike Bohm? He is a proven performer. I have known Mike since 1993 at Ashton Mining. I have never worked with him but talking to him and observing what he was doing, he has always struck me as a no nonsense person who is the consummate professional. Today, working with him, I can see that coming through. Mike is a mining engineer and he was on the Board of Argyle Diamond Mine. I suspected that he had that role because Argyle was all about mining. The Board of Ashton Mining Limited would probably have wanted someone there that knows a thing or two about mining to represent them on the Board of Argyle Diamond Mines. If you look at the companies that Mike has been involved with, you will realise that this is not a man that talks in riddles. He does what he says and his stature on the ASX level is one I am sure he does not want to tarnish. He has worked with major mining companies and he understands what will work and what is a pipe dream. Hence, when Mike says that when they prove up the resource for Kingman and they can truck this to a toll treatment facility, you feel safe that this has been calculated. In all my conversations with companies, I have always stated that the two most important components in your research are technical merits and management integrity. Tune in to the Riedel story here. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:33 New learnings from the Kingman project. 02:47 Type of mineralisation at Tintic in Arizona. 04:25 Strategic area of high-grade mineral system at Tintic. 08:02 Chasing the high-grade gold in Tintic. 09:48 How should investors interpret the grades and drill holes? 13:20 The advantages of the Kingman project. 16:15 Permitting process in the US. 17:03 Upcoming 7000m RC Drill program and further works. 18:35 Possible challenges in the Kingman Project. 22:18 News flow. 25:23 Why Riedel Resources? 27:32 Conclusion PODCAST Michael Bohm Chair Qualifications: BAppSc (Mining Engineering) Mr Bohm is a qualified mining professional with extensive corporate, project development and mine operations experience in Australia, South-East Asia, Africa, Chile, North America and Europe. A graduate of the Western Australian School of Mines, he has worked as a mining engineer, mine manager, study manager, project manager, project director and managing director. Mr Bohm has been directly involved in a number of new project developments in the gold, nickel and diamond sectors both in Australia and offshore. Mr Bohm's experience includes previous directorships at Ramelius Resources Limited, Perseus Mining Limited, Argyle Diamond Mines and Sally Malay Mining Limited in Australia (ASX) and Ashton Mining of Canada (TSX). He is currently a Non-executive Director of Cygnus Gold and Mincor Resources Limited. Mr Bohm is a member of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) and is a member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD). David Groombridge Chief Executive Officer Qualifications: MEconGeol David is a geologist with a Masters in Economic Geology from the University of Tasmania. His career incorporates 20 years mining industry experience in multiple ore deposit styles, including nickel sulphides, tungsten, SedEx (sedimentary exhalative) and orogenic gold in both underground and surface roles, primarily in resource development and mineral exploration. He spent 12 years across senior management roles at Tectonic Resources and Silver Lake Resources before becoming Exploration Manager for Medallion Metals, where he has worked since 2016, focused on the 1.62Moz Au Eq. Ravensthorpe Gold Project. This WA-based project is a structurally hosted, high-grade gold system similar to the Kingman Project. About Riedel Resources Limited Riedel Resources (ASX: RIE) is an emerging mineral exploration company focussed on advancing the historic high-grade Kingman Gold Project in North-West Arizona. The Kingman Project covers an area of historic gold-silver-lead-zinc mines that were in production from the 1880’s through to the early 1940’s. Diamond drilling in late 2019 confirmed the high grades seen in historic mining. RC drilling in early 2021 hits extensive gold, silver, zinc and lead mineralisation including 3.8m at 98.9 g/t gold and 151 g/t silver from 20.6m at Tintic and 4.6m at 8.39g/t gold from 100.6m at Merrimac. Further drilling subsequently confirmed gold, silver, zinc and lead mineralisation in multiple veins at Jim’s. Share to Grow: Your Bonus eBook: How to add value to your Share Portfolio This is a good time to download our Free Ebook as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). The eBook is about lessons on geological models sought by mining companies. It gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative investments. Click here to download this eBook. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Subscribe to Samso Samso-Brilliant Distribution Outreach Powerful Advertising opportunities for Samso’s ASX and private business clients. The Brilliant-Online partnership is an opportunity to reach new and wider audiences in a fresh, appealing format to pique and retain investor interest. Contact Veronica directly for your special Samso-Brilliant advertising rate. Read Brilliant Investments

Coffee with Samso Episode 178 is with Kevin Das, Executive Director of West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) The REE story is maturing for investors as the complexity of what a good REE project is has moved several levels. What is still lagging is a sound grounding on what exactly is an economic REE. There have been several stories on Samso but I have to admit that the jury is still a long away from a decision. When Kevin Das, the Executive Director, of West Cobar Metals approached me to engage a Coffee with Samso, we spoke deeply on what makes West Cobar different to other REE stories. The first major difference is the existence of a JORC resource for the Salazar REE project. This resource does give WC1 a first mover advantage but the competition is fast catching up. The details of the resource may ultimately be the difference but we will need to wait for some critical steps such as the metallurgical results. The other factor which would drive this story further is the fact that the deposit sits on top of an ultramafic base. What this means is unknown for now. There is evidence of other deposits that the enrichment of the REE is related to the base. Salazar is the only REE deposit that I know of that is not on a granitic base. To add to the story, there is an HPA story here. There is an aluminium inferred resource on part of the Salazar resource. This may become a credit to the mining process and hence benefit the overall feasibility of the deposit. The West Cobar Story West Cobar is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. Their projects include: ​1. The Salazar REE Project​ The Salazar Rare Earths Clay Project is located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep-water port of Esperance in Western Australia. The Newmont deposit, located on the easternmost tenement at Salazar, contains an estimated JORC Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off). The O’Connor prospect to the west of Newmont has potential to host further significant high-grade rare earths mineralization. 2. Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ 3. Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south-southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. The West Cobar Difference Currently, on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX), there seems to be an overflow of REE stories. Every week there are companies announcing the presence of REE and one could be forgiven for feeling a sense of boredom. When the REE story emerged nearly 2 years ago, there was excitement and a bullish feel to this sector. However, as investors start to get a flood of news, this excitement starts to turn into confusion. What I can say about the Salazar REE deposit is that it holds a few points of difference. It is still a clay hosted deposit as opposed to the ionic versions but the high grade nature of the resource - 43.5Mt @ 1192 TREO, makes this one of the deposits to take note. On top of the REE resource, there is an HPA inferred JORC Resource of 28.3 Mt at 23.4% Al2O3 (at 10% cut off). How this adds to the economics of the mining of the Salazar REE story is yet to be played out. The positive would be that it adds credit to the process and lowers the overall feasibility and the downside is that it is mined and put aside. As the HPA content is part of the overall Salazar deposit, it means that there is no extra cost in mining it or isolating it. The clay mineralisation at Newmont has a relatively high magnet rare earth oxide content comprising about 25% of the basket. In particular,, the Newmont deposit is relatively high in high value, heavy magnet REE content, comprising 3% dysprosium and 0.5% terbium content. Praseodymium makes up 4.2% and neodymium 16.8% of TREO (See Figure 4). The other factor which may eventually affect the leachability of the deposit may lie in the fact that this deposit is overlaying a ultramafic (Amphibolite) basement. Like many of the REE stories, the outright understanding of the flow chart of processing is still a work in progress. This ultramafic basement is the key difference as all the other known Australian clay hosted deposits sit over granitic source. Samso's Conclusion These days, there is a large volume of REE deposits being marketed. We know that there is a Clay-hosted and an Ionic-hosted REE deposit. The difference is in the ability to easily extract the REE in the downstream process. I have spoken to people who tell me that the difference is not a physical or grade factor, but in the test of whether they are easily leached out. The host of ionic deposits are not restricted to the Chinese version as they are also granitic base. I know of an Australian ionic style being hosted over a limestone which is totally different. I am told that research has shown that the enrichment may be helped by the limestone interface. If this is true, will the fact that the West Cobar deposit being overlaying an ultramafic source lead to a different leaching style? Management seems optimistic but let's wait for the facts. If we want to look at which of the REE stories are going to have the legs to be at the mining and processing stage, then the oddballs like the Salazar REE project should be on our watch screens. Remember that there is also the potential for the mining of the HPA which is again something that is not present in all the other stories presently being sold in the ASX. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:29 About Kevin Das 02:01 Kevin’s experience at Northern Minerals 03:44 The Salazar Rare Earth Project 04:21 The unique aspect of the Newmont deposit 05:37 The drill results at Salazar 06:29 Is Salazar the only Resource in the Esperance REE Province 07:09 Understanding the drill results 10:34 West Cobar Metals being a first mover 12:14 The Alumina resource in Newmont 16:31 Projects in the US 17:21 Discussion about the journey of rare earths 21:52 The rare earths capital market 23:49 News flow 26:54 Challenges faced by West Cobar Metals 29:01 Why West Cobar Metals? 30:02 Conclusion PODCAST About Kevin Das Executive Director Kevin Das is an Australian qualified mining professional with over 18 years’ experience in the exploration and mining industry. He has worked in a variety of mining jurisdictions as a senior geologist and has undertaken various technical and corporate roles including business development, project management and company management. Kevin established the ARD Group in 2016 with the goal of establishing a multi-discipline fund that would effectively allocate capital into the natural resources sector. Kevin is the Co-founder and Director of ARD Group. With over 12 years’ experience in the rare earth industry and formerly a Senior Geologist for Northern Minerals, Kevin was involved in the virgin discovery and development of the Browns Range Heavy Rare Earth Deposits. About West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX:WC1) is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. The Salazar REE Project The Salazar Project comprises granted tenements E63/1469 and E63/1496 located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep water port of Esperance (Figure 1). In terms of geological setting, it is situated in the eastern part of the Proterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, east of the Biranup and Fraser Zones, straddling the Heywood-Newman Shear Zone and Nornalup Zone. REE mineralisation at the Newmont deposit (E63/1496) is hosted by in-situ regolith over Proterozoic-aged basement rocks. A geological model has been proposed by Salazar Minerals whereby granites containing REE carbonates and other REE minerals are the source rocks for secondary REE mineralisation in the overlying saprolite profile. Mineralogical studies have indicated that the saprolite targets contain fine-grained secondary REE-bearing phosphates. Newmont Mineral Resource Salazar Minerals was one of the first companies to appreciate the potential for clay REE deposits in Australia. The tenements were first acquired in 2011 (granted in 2012) with the private company carrying out several aircore drilling programs to test for REE mineralisation. In total 165 aircore and RC holes for 6393m have been drilled within the tenements, leading to the discovery and delineation of the Newmont deposit. ​CSA Global ("CSA") was engaged by Salazar Minerals to estimate a Mineral Resource for the Newmont deposit in 2015. CSA estimated an Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code (2012). The Newmont deposit also hosts an Inferred Mineral Resource of 31.2% Al2O3 (15% Al cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code 2012 (Table 2). The high-grade alumina within kaolin-rich zones has potential to be feedstock for production of high purity alumina. ​Lab test work demonstrates that this material shows high leach extraction and high purification grades to produce 99.99% (4N) High Purity Alumina (HPA). O’Connor Prospect The Salazar Project also includes the O’Connor prospect (E63/1469) which is located 10 kms to the south-east of the Newmont Deposit. The O’Connor Prospect has 32 vertical holes drilled for a total of 901 meters. Some of the drill intersections at O’Connor include: ​ SAC160, 19m @ 1939 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m SAC161, 20m @ 2392 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 7m SAC162, 19m @ 1350 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 17m SAC179, 9m @ 3258 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 14m SAC178, 10m @ 1586 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 10m SAC188, 23m @ 1454 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 16m SAC157, 17m @ 1186 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 15m SAC159, 12m @ 1110 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m Newmont Metallurgy & Studies Technical work on the deposit has involved reputable institutions including the CSIRO, the University of Western Australia and the University of Newcastle and mineral processing firms Nagrom and Amdel. Early metallurgical studies and characterisation testwork show the REE clays are amenable to acid leach processing Magnet rare earths (MREO) - Neodymium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium and Terbium concentrations up to 25% Heavy rare earth (HREO) concentrations up to 30% Critical rare earth (CREO) concentrations up to 37% Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south-southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Coffee with Samso Episode 176 is with Justin Osborne, Chair and Crispin Pike, VP, Discovery of Matador Mining Limited (ASX: MZZ) The Matador Mining story has come a long way since our first conversation in April 2020. The developing story is now moving into the next phase as the 2023 field season is beginning. In this episode of Coffee with Samso Episode 176, we are talking to Justin Osborne, Non-Executive Chair and Crispin Pike, the VP of Discovery, sharing the increasing potential of the Cape Ray Shear Zone. The main story for me is that the company is being realistic in stepping back and looking at what else could be the main game in the Cape Ray Shear Zone for shareholders. Although there are existing resources that are already established, the bold and very smart move is to realise that there is more value that has not been realised. The decision is the same strategy taken by the founders of Gold Road Resources where they accepted market discontent on the share price and worked on exploring the region for a bigger prize. That would come as Gruyere which is now over 10 million ounces of gold. The Matador Story Matador Mining listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) in March 2017. Like all ASX junior mineral exploration companies, there have been many management changes and many projects. My association came in April 2020 with the first Coffee with Samso with the Matador story. The story has come a long way with the latest announcement highlighting a new Mineral Resources Estimate (MRE) as seen in Table 1 below. (Source: Matador Mining Updates Mineral Resource Estimates for Cape Ray) Mineral Resource Notes (Source: Matador Mining Updates Mineral Resource Estimates for Cape Ray) Mineral Resources are reported using a cut-off grade of 0.30 g/t gold for open pit and 2.00 g/t gold for underground, and a gold price of US$1750 based on the assumptions presented in Appendix 1 -Section 3 – Mining Factors or Assumptions. The open pit Mineral Resource is constrained using an optimised pit that has been generated using Lerchs Grossman algorithm with parameters outlined in in Appendix 1 -Section 3 – Mining Factors or Assumptions. The underground Mineral Resources are constrained using a 2.00 g/t gold grade shell below the optimised pit based on the assumptions summarised in Appendix 1 -Section 3 – Mining Factors or Assumptions. The Mineral Resource Statement for the Cape Ray Gold Project has been prepared by Trevor Rabb, P.Geo. who is a Competent Person as defined by JORC (2012). Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. The Mineral Resources for the Cape Ray Gold Project have been prepared in accordance with JORC (2012). The number of metric tonnes and contained gold ounces are rounded to the nearest thousand. Any discrepancies in the totals are due to rounding. Mineral Resources for the Cape Ray Gold Project have an effective date of 22 February 2023. One of the most important parts of Matador Mining is that B2 Gold made a strategic investment into the company. A blue ribbon gold miner taking a stake in the story has got to be good news to existing shareholders and those looking at Matador as an investment. The Projects Matador Mining has a portfolio of projects that undoubtedly sits in one of the few Tier 1 regions in the world. The Cape Ray Shear Zone which has a strike of over 120km of potential mineralisation hosts several projects which would have been a flagship project in their own capacity (Figure 1). According to Crispin Pike, the current exploration season will focus on the Malachite prospect and it should be interesting. The previous exploration phase discovered anomalous gold in surface samples which highlights the perspectivity of the area. One of the points to remember about the Matador projects is that there has not been any serious exploration in the region for decades. For this reason, the opportunity for Matador to make discoveries remains high. The resource at Marathon Gold (5.1M ounces Au) and Big Ridge (0.9 to 1.4M ounces of Au - see Figure 3) is a clear sign that decent mineralisation does occur. Matador owning 800,000 ounces of Au is proof that there will be more to discover. The Hermitage Project (Figure 3) is what makes me think that the exploration strategy that Matador is embarking on is the correct one. Hermitage, in my opinion, could be a multi million ounce project as it has the hallmarks of a fertile system. Structurally, it looks positive, geochemically, the association of Antimony and Arsenic is common in large sulphidic gold systems. As always, the proof is in the pudding and I am keen to see work done on the project. Looking at Figure 3, the magnetic imagery looks promising and from my conversation with Matador, they are excited to get on the ground as well. They can see the potential. Samso's Conclusion What Matador represents for shareholders and potential shareholders is a repeat of the Gold Road story. The strategy of taking a step back to look at exploration to create more value with discoveries to supplement the existing resources is one from the books of Gold Road Resources. It is no surprise as the management are one and the same. When you look at Figure 3, it helps speak the path the company took and the rewards that came with that process. The move to exploration is a bold move but it is the only way to realise the potential of the Cape Ray Shear Zone. Don't forget the Hermitage Project is soon to come online and that could bring in an injection of value that has not been discussed greatly in the market. When I look at Matador, I cannot help but think of the long journey and the test of funding to create value from a strike of 120km in an area that has had little to no mineral exploration. There are very few Tier 1 regions in the world where you have this opportunity. It is good to remember that the easy pickings are all gone, which leave many projects isolated and unloved due to the nature of the mineral exploration process. Historically, the discoveries all come from two pools of situation - one is the easy pickings, the projects where explorers literally kicked the mineralised rocks while walking about the project area. The second is from projects that have been overlooked, projects that were labeled as "All the Exploration has been Looked At", or the area is too expensive. Hence, in conclusion, my thoughts are that Matador has got itself a great project and it seems that corporately, the big boys are finally investing in the story. The introduction of B2 Gold as a strategic partner is a clear sign that there is belief outside management of the perspectivity of Matador Mining Limited. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:25 Overview of Matador’s mining jurisdiction. 02:39 A rundown on Matador Mining’s 2023 exploration program. 04:01 Matador Mining focused on Cape Ray Shear Zone and Hermitage. 06:40 Discussion about pivoting to regional exploration. 15:37 The cover in Malachite. 17:13 The strategy of exploration in Malachite. 21:33 Challenges with seasonal exploration programs. 23:43 How does Matador prioritise projects? 28:28 Geophysics in leading the path to discovery. 30:09 The Hermitage Project. 36:31 News flow. 37:54 Why Matador Mining? 40:24 Conclusion PODCAST About Justin Osborne Non-Executive Chairman Mr Osborne has over 35 years experience as an exploration, mining and development geologist, is a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and holds a Bachelor of Science, Honours (First Class) from La Trobe University of Victoria. Up until June 2021 Mr Osborne was Executive Director at Gold Road Resources (ASX: GOR) playing a pivotal role in the discovery, development and construction of the world class Gruyere Gold Mine (8Moz Au) which currently produces approximately 350,000oz Au per annum. Mr Osborne previously held senior positions on the exploration executive team of Gold Fields Ltd, including Vice President Development Strategy – Growth and International Projects, and General Manager Near Mine Exploration covering all international mining operations; and management roles with WMC Resources at the Kambalda Nickel and St Ives Gold operations. Mr Osborne is also a Non-executive Director at IGO Limited (ASX:IGO), Hamelin Gold Limited (ASX:HMG) and Astral Resources NL (ASX:AAR). About Crispin Pike VP, Discovery Crispin Pike is Matador’s VP Discovery and leads the on-ground exploration activities for Matador Mining in Newfoundland. Following a 9 year career with Inco/Vale working across the Americas he has spent the last 6 years with the Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador. Crispin brings his deep Newfoundland geology expertise and international experience in structural geology and geophysics to Matador’s exploration programs. About Matador Mining Limited (ASX: MZZ) Matador Mining Limited (ASX:MZZ / OTCQB:MZZMF / FSE:MA3) is an exploration company focused on making gold discoveries in Newfoundland, Canada. The Company is one of only four gold companies with a defined gold Mineral Resource, currently 837,000 ounces grading 2 grams per tonne. Matador is well positioned with an extensive land package comprising 120-kilometres of continuous strike along the under-explored, multi-million-ounce Cape Ray Shear, a prolific gold structure in Newfoundland that currently hosts several major mineral deposits. Additionally, the Company holds 27-kilometres of continuous strike at the Hermitage prospect which is located on the highly prospective Hermitage Flexure. Matador acknowledges the financial support of the Junior Exploration Assistance Program, Department of Industry, Energy and Technology, Provincial Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The Cape Ray Gold Project The Cape Ray Gold Project (Cape Ray or the Project) covers approximately 120km of strike along the highly prospective, yet under explored Cape Ray Shear located in Newfoundland, Canada. The Project hosts a current resource of 837,000oz Au at 2g/t Au, across four deposits, all of which are within 15km of strike. A 2020 Scoping Study (ASX announcement 6 May 2020) highlighted that Cape Ray has the makings of an excellent gold project, with low estimated All In Sustaining Operating costs (US$776/oz Au), strong IRR (51% post Tax) and rapid payback (1.75 year). These strong outputs were driven by the Project’s high grade, yet shallow gold mineralisation, (average head grade of 2.6g/t au during the first four years of production – 88,000oz Au per annum) that ranks the Project as one of the highest grade, undeveloped open pit projects globally. However, prior to commencing a Pre-Feasibility Study, the Company identified the requirement to grow the Resource further to ensure the initial 7 years mine life assumed in the Scoping Study is increased. To achieve this, the Company believes a blend of expansion drilling around known deposits as well greenfield exploration to test the vast, yet under explored Project area is the optimal strategy. The Company therefore outlined the most expansive exploration program for the 2021/22 season, including: 45,000 metres of diamond drilling; Five power auger drill rigs; 80 kilometre Heli-Mag program; and Inaugural winter exploration program. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. About Samso Samso ASX stories are also through the Brilliant-Online channels. Subscribe to Brilliant Investments.

Coffee with Samso Episode 185 is with Matt Szwedzicki, Managing Director of West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) The REE story for West Cobar is taking shape, showing that the volume of resources does exist. The release recently has put that question at rest. A quadruple of the previous resource is plenty. Critically, the upgrade of the resource at the Newmont prospect from Inferred to Indicated is even more impressive. Matt Szwedzicki, in this episode of Coffee with Samso gives a great summary of where West Cobar is at with the Salazar Rare Earth project. The resources are up and the market will have no fears for the project not having enough tonnes (Figure 1). Interestingly, when asked about the availability of more tonnes, Matt responded with a clear and concise answer. There is an ample supply of tonnes, and the focus now is on demonstrating the economic value in terms of dollars and cents to the market. The market is well aware that there is no longer any doubt about the leachability of the Salazar resources. This was confirmed in the Rooster Talk 74, where Matt discussed the metallurgical results. You can find the links to that conversation below. West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) - The Metallurgical Results West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) - The Salazar Metallurgical Results. Full Episode. We discussed the recent news on Gallium and what it means for the company. The conversation continued onto the Nevada lithium project where the company was starting a drilling program. Samso's Conclusion The West Cobar journey is one of the most fascinating Rare Earth stories on the Samso platform. What sets them apart is their unique suite of potential by-products that others don't seem to have. Samso has seen several Rare Earth stories, and the Salazar deposit stands out with its HPA resource and Tier 1 REE resource (compared to Australia Clay deposits). Scandium was also mentioned in the Salazar deposit during the Coffee with Samso series. The inclusion of Gallium in the mix makes the idea of credits while mining rare earths appealing. However, it's important to note that not all mining scenarios are profitable to keep and process, even if there seems to be value in the metal. For example, Delta Lithium Limited (Red Dirt Metal Limited) has up to 300,000 ounces of gold, but it's not mentioned because the value in lithium outweighs the need to recover the gold. However, if we look at the potential scenario for West Cobar, the soft market pricing of REE makes the proposition of multi commodities to suppress mining costs could be its joker card. The little that makes a mining proposition for Salazar is going to be good for the hip pocket. Ultimately, time will reveal the ultimate solution, but investors should remember that mining projects span multiple years to decades. While the Salazar deposit shows promise, the longevity of a company to pursue the project is not solely determined by the project's quality. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:30 Salazar Clay-REE resource quadruples 05:34 What does a higher proportion of MREO mean for WC1? 06:52 The current rare earths market 08:38 Gallium at the Newmont REE deposit 11:56 Could the amphibolite be the dark horse? 15:05 Is the recent restriction on Gallium short-term? 17:55 Drilling at the Nevada Lithium Project 21:18 Metallurgical news 23:51 Additional news flow 25:13 Why should investors look at West Cobar Metals? 26:23 Conclusion PODCAST About Matt Szwedzicki Managing Director Matt Szwedzicki has over 20 years of corporate and commercial experience, having worked in senior leadership roles with a focus on M&A, corporate growth and investment strategy. Matt co-founded and is the Managing Director of Spark New Energies, an energy company with its main assets in the UK. Prior to that Matt held various executive corporate and commercial roles in the energy and resources industries. About West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX:WC1) is a minerals exploration and development company focused on rare earths and battery minerals within Australia and the US. The Salazar REE Project The Salazar Project comprises granted tenements E63/1469 and E63/1496 located on non-agricultural undeveloped state land approximately 120km north-east of the township and deep water port of Esperance (Figure 1). In terms of geological setting, it is situated in the eastern part of the Proterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, east of the Biranup and Fraser Zones, straddling the Heywood-Newman Shear Zone and Nornalup Zone. REE mineralisation at the Newmont deposit (E63/1496) is hosted by in-situ regolith over Proterozoic-aged basement rocks. A geological model has been proposed by Salazar Minerals whereby granites containing REE carbonates and other REE minerals are the source rocks for secondary REE mineralisation in the overlying saprolite profile. Mineralogical studies have indicated that the saprolite targets contain fine-grained secondary REE-bearing phosphates. Newmont Mineral Resource Salazar Minerals was one of the first companies to appreciate the potential for clay REE deposits in Australia. The tenements were first acquired in 2011 (granted in 2012) with the private company carrying out several aircore drilling programs to test for REE mineralisation. In total 165 aircore and RC holes for 6393m have been drilled within the tenements, leading to the discovery and delineation of the Newmont deposit. ​CSA Global ("CSA") was engaged by Salazar Minerals to estimate a Mineral Resource for the Newmont deposit in 2015. CSA estimated an Inferred Mineral Resource of 43.5Mt at 1192ppm TREO + Y2O3 (500ppm cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code (2012). The Newmont deposit also hosts an Inferred Mineral Resource of 31.2% Al2O3 (15% Al cut-off) in accordance with the JORC Code 2012 (Table 2). The high-grade alumina within kaolin-rich zones has potential to be feedstock for production of high purity alumina. ​Lab test work demonstrates that this material shows high leach extraction and high purification grades to produce 99.99% (4N) High Purity Alumina (HPA). O’Connor Prospect The Salazar Project also includes the O’Connor prospect (E63/1469) which is located 10 kms to the south-east of the Newmont Deposit. The O’Connor Prospect has 32 vertical holes drilled for a total of 901 meters. Some of the drill intersections at O’Connor include: ​ SAC160, 19m @ 1939 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m SAC161, 20m @ 2392 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 7m SAC162, 19m @ 1350 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 17m SAC179, 9m @ 3258 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 14m SAC178, 10m @ 1586 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 10m SAC188, 23m @ 1454 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 16m SAC157, 17m @ 1186 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 15m SAC159, 12m @ 1110 ppm TREO + Y2O3 from 8m Newmont Metallurgy & Studies Technical work on the deposit has involved reputable institutions including the CSIRO, the University of Western Australia and the University of Newcastle and mineral processing firms Nagrom and Amdel. Early metallurgical studies and characterisation testwork show the REE clays are amenable to acid leach processing Magnet rare earths (MREO) - Neodymium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium and Terbium concentrations up to 25% Heavy rare earth (HREO) concentrations up to 30% Critical rare earth (CREO) concentrations up to 37% Nevada Lithium Project The Montezuma Well and Big Smoky Valley claims are considered prospective for large-scale sedimentary-hosted lithium claystone deposits. The claims are located within the world class mining-friendly jurisdiction of the Nevada lithium district and host similar geology to known major lithium deposits in the region – including American Lithium (TLC deposit), American Battery Technology Company (Tonopah Flats deposit), Ioneer (Rhyolite Ridge deposit) and Century Lithium (Clayton Valley deposit).​ Hermit Hill Lithium Project The Hermit Hill project area is located in the Litchfield Province in the Northern Territory, roughly 100km south-southwest of Core Lithium’s Finniss Lithium Project and Lithium Plus Minerals’ Lei lithium prospect, and 30km west of Ragusa Minerals’ Tank Hill lithium discovery. The project is prospective for pegmatite-hosted lithium mineralisation. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. Share to Grow: Your Bonus Samso has just released an eBook: How to Add Value to your Share Portfolio A lesson on geological models sought by mining companies that gives insight and an understanding of which portfolios are better - and potentially more lucrative – investments. Click here to download this eBook. If you find this article informative and useful, please help me share the information. I try and write about topics that are interesting and have the potential to be of investment value. It is not easy to find stories that fit those parameters. If you or your organisation see the benefit of what Samso is trying to achieve and have a need to share your journey, please contact me on noel.ong@samso.com.au. 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Coffee with Samso Episode 184 is with Julian Ford, CEO of Riversgold Limited (ASX: RGL) updating us on Riversgold's exploration activities since the last conversation in March 2023. Jump straight to the interview In our previous conversation, we discussed Riversgold Limited as a lithium explorer that I found interesting. One of the reasons I liked them is because they were among the few companies actively engaged in genuine mineral exploration for lithium. It's important for people to understand that the recent discoveries in the lithium sector have largely come from reevaluating previous exploration efforts. Companies have revisited their drill cores and discovered that the historical drilling had indeed encountered pegmatites. Samso is not begrudging of the success of these companies, such as the Mount Holland Lithium project, which is now privately owned and operated by Covalent Lithium. Riversgold, on the other hand, continues its exploration activities in search of valuable lithium-bearing pegmatite. What I find interesting about Riversgold is their Northern Zone project. When I was researching this topic, I initially found their release titled Farm-in to Significant Porphyry Hosted Gold Project a bit confusing because the project had yielded promising results. The company is proceeding cautiously to ensure the reliability of these results, which I believe demonstrates prudent management. Julian, in particular, discusses the project and takes a measured view of its potential. What does Porphyry mean? Here is a description of what a porphyry deposit means from Earth Science Australia: The major products from porphyry copper deposits are copper and molybdenum or copper and gold. The term porphyry copper now includes engineering as well as geological considerations; It refers to large, relatively low grade, epigenetic, intrusion-related deposits that can be mined using mass mining techniques. Geologically, the deposits occur close to or in granitic intrusive rocks that are porphyritic in texture. There are usually several episodes of intrusive activity, so expect swarms of dykes and intrusive breccias. The country rocks can be any kind of rock, and often there are wide zones of closely fractured and altered rock surrounding the intrusions. As is described following, this country rock alteration is distinctive and changes as you approach mineralization. Where sulphide mineralization occurs, surface weathering often produces rusty-stained bleached zones from which the metals have been leached; if conditions are right, these may redeposit near the water table to form an enriched zone of secondary mineralization. What is the significance of a Porphyry deposit? Based on my experience, it is quite rare to find a fertile porphyry that contains only gold. Most porphyry deposits are typically associated with copper. However, Julian informs us that their system at the Northern Zone is devoid of any other metals and is solely a gold system. When we examine the historical drilling results, we can observe significant depth of mineralization, and the grades fall within the range of atypical mineralised porphyry gold system. Julian has mentioned that they are currently awaiting the results from their recent drilling program. These results will help confirm the assay content and determine if there is any false enrichment present (see below). Completion of Diamond Drilling of Northern Zone 26km ESE of Kalgoorlie It will be fascinating to see the assay numbers and gain a better understanding of the potential of this project. The core samples from the drilling program appear to be in excellent condition, which further adds to the anticipation of the assay results. Listen to Julian Ford here: Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:03 Updates from Riversgold 02:57 The Gold Porphyry story 11:22 Metallurgical Cyanide Bottle Roll Test Results 13:37 How did the Northern Zone Project fly under the radar for so long? 19:34 Mt Weld Project 20:54 How should shareholders look at Riversgold? 23:04 Newsflow 23:50 Is the Porphyry story the main focus of Riversgold? 25:26 Why Riversgold? 26:03 Conclusion Samso's Conclusion The Riversgold story is an evolving narrative, and I appreciate the adventurous spirit of their projects. Julian impresses me as a composed and strategic individual who possesses a deep understanding of his work. When examining the Northern Zone project, the drilling results are remarkable and align with the expectations for a sizable deposit with low-grade bulk tonnage. According to the Visual Capitalist, porphyry deposits are very large, polymetallic systems that typically contain copper along with other important metals. Much of today’s mineral production depends on porphyries: 60% of copper, 95% of molybdenum, and 20% of gold comes from this deposit type. The Bingham Canyon Mine, located in Utah and owned by Rio Tinto and in production since 1906, annually produces approximately: 300,000 tons of copper 400,000 oz of gold 4,000,000 oz of silver 30,000,000 lbs of molybdenum The value of the resources extracted to date from the Bingham Canyon Mine is greater than the Comstock Lode, Klondike, and California gold rush mining regions combined. So as you can see above, the magnitude of finding a deposit of this nature in a Tier-1 jurisdiction like Western Australia is going to make Riversgold appreciate in market capitalisation. PODCAST This is a good time to download the first Ebook (FREE) from Samso as it is all about VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides). About Julian Ford Chief Executive Officer Mr Ford has 30+ years experience in the mining industry with global experience including Australia, Africa, South East Asia and South America. Mr Ford has held senior positions within several major resource companies including Alcoa, British Gas, Western Metals Limited. Since 2004, Mr Ford has focused on managing a number of successful start-ups, including transitioning a number of these from concept/exploration to production. Mr Ford holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Natal, a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of South Africa and a Graduate Diploma in Business Management from the University of Western Australia. He has been a member of the AusIMM for 20 years. About Riversgold Limited (ASX: RGL) Riversgold Ltd is an ASX-listed exploration company focused on discovering and developing large lithium systems in the world-renowned Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons of Western Australia. In early 2022, the Company acquired a suite of four lithium-prospective exploration tenement applications covering 164km2 in the Pilbara region. The key Tambourah Project is underexplored and has the potential to host a major lithium-caesium-tantalum system much like the nearby Pilgangoora and Wodgina deposits. Further, the Company has acquired a tenement package of 292km2 prospective for lithium in the Southern Cross-Marvel Loch region of Western Australia as well as securing an option to acquire 80% of tenement E77/2784 immediately to the east of the globally significant Mt Holland lithium project in the same region. The Riversgold portfolio also offers strong exposure to gold and nickel through its large landholding at the Kurnalpi Project in the Yilgarn. Disclaimer The information or opinions provided herein do not constitute investment advice, an offer or solicitation to subscribe for, purchase or sell the investment product(s) mentioned herein. It does not take into consideration, nor have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation, risk profile, tax position and particular, or unique needs and constraints. Read full Disclaimer. About Samso Keep us informed too! Please let us know your thoughts and send us any comments to info@samso.com.au. Remember to Subscribe to our YouTube Channel, Samso Media and our mail list to stay informed and make comments where appropriate. Other than that, you can also give us a Review on Google.